分析 6-10 岁中国儿童眼生物测量参数发育相关因素：一项横断面研究。
Analysis of factors related to the development of ocular biometric parameters in Chinese children aged 6-10 years: a cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Yanqing District Hospital (Peking University Third Hospital Yanqing Hospital), Beijing, China.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2024 Feb 6;14(2):e080066. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080066.
OBJECTIVES
Emmetropia depends on the precise coordination of ocular biometry, including axial length (AL), corneal curvature, lens thickness and anterior chamber depth (ACD). Disruption of this coordination leads to refractive errors such as myopia. This article aimed to determine the factors affecting ocular biometry and myopia development in young children.
DESIGN
A cross-sectional study.
SETTING
This study was conducted in a primary school in the Yanqing district of Beijing, China.
PARTICIPANTS
792 students in grades 1-3 without hyperopia (>+2.00 D), strabismus, or amblyopia were selected.
EXCLUSIONS
students had conditions affecting best corrected visual acuity and whose guardians refused to provide informed consent. Ocular biometric measurements and non-cycloplegia autorefraction were performed. The questionnaire addressed factors such as perinatal factors and environmental factors.
INTERVENTIONS
None.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES
Ocular biometry and myopia.
RESULTS
According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, electronic screen use >2 hours/day (OR=2.175, p=0.013), paternal myopia (OR=1.761, p=0.002), maternal myopia (OR=1.718, p=0.005), taller height (OR=1.071, p<0.001), maternal education (OR=0.631, p=0.012) and maternal gestational hypertension (OR=0.330, p=0.042) were associated with myopia. AL was affected by female sex (OR=0.295, p<0.001), older age (OR=1.272, p=0.002) and taller height (OR=1.045, p<0.001). Female sex (OR=0.509, p<0.001), taller height (OR=1.046, p<0.001), use of electronic screens >2 hours each day (OR=3.596, p<0.001) and time spent outdoors >2 hours each day (OR=0.431, p=0.001) influenced ACD incidence. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was associated with older age (OR=1.113, p=0.008), paternal education (OR=1.474, p=0.007), premature birth (OR=0.494, p=0.031), history of blue light therapy in infancy (OR=0.636, p=0.041) and history of incubator therapy in infancy (OR=0.263, p=0.009). Only sex influenced corneal curvature.
CONCLUSIONS
The factors associated with myopia were partly related to ACD and AL, and perinatal factors were associated with myopia and CCT.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ChiCTR2200065398.
目的
正视依赖于眼生物测量的精确协调，包括眼轴（AL）、角膜曲率、晶状体厚度和前房深度（ACD）。这种协调的破坏会导致近视等屈光不正。本文旨在确定影响儿童眼生物测量和近视发展的因素。
设计
横断面研究。
地点
本研究在北京延庆区的一所小学进行。
参与者
选择了 792 名无远视（>+2.00 D）、斜视或弱视的 1-3 年级学生。
排除标准
视力矫正后最佳视力受影响的学生，以及拒绝提供知情同意的学生。进行了眼生物测量和非睫状肌自动折射。问卷涉及围产期因素和环境因素等因素。
干预措施
无。
主要和次要结果
眼生物测量和近视。
结果
根据多变量逻辑回归分析，每天使用电子屏幕>2 小时（OR=2.175，p=0.013）、父亲近视（OR=1.761，p=0.002）、母亲近视（OR=1.718，p=0.005）、身高较高（OR=1.071，p<0.001）、母亲教育程度（OR=0.631，p=0.012）和母亲妊娠期高血压（OR=0.330，p=0.042）与近视有关。AL 受女性（OR=0.295，p<0.001）、年龄较大（OR=1.272，p=0.002）和身高较高（OR=1.045，p<0.001）的影响。女性（OR=0.509，p<0.001）、身高较高（OR=1.046，p<0.001）、每天使用电子屏幕>2 小时（OR=3.596，p<0.001）和每天户外活动>2 小时（OR=0.431，p=0.001）会影响 ACD 发生率。中央角膜厚度（CCT）与年龄较大（OR=1.113，p=0.008）、父亲教育程度（OR=1.474，p=0.007）、早产（OR=0.494，p=0.031）、婴儿期蓝光治疗史（OR=0.636，p=0.041）和婴儿期培养箱治疗史（OR=0.263，p=0.009）有关。只有性别影响角膜曲率。
结论
与近视相关的因素部分与 ACD 和 AL 有关，围产期因素与近视和 CCT 有关。
临床试验注册号
ChiCTR2200065398。
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