Braun Ueli, Attiger Jeannette, Brammertz Carina
Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
BMC Vet Res. 2015 Sep 2;11:227. doi: 10.1186/s12917-015-0545-z.
This study describes the ultrasonographic appearance of the atlanto-occipital space and ultrasound-guided collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cattle. The atlanto-occipital space of 73 euthanized cattle (group A) and 14 live cattle with neurological disorders (group B) was examined in the sagittal and transverse planes using a 5.0-MHz convex transducer. Optimal ultrasonograms were frozen on the screen and various variables were measured in both planes using the electronic cursors. Puncture of the subarachnoid space was achieved using a spinal needle introduced in the median plane in a caudoventral direction while the spinal cord was viewed in longitudinal section. The examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was limited to gross evaluation and a red blood cell count.
The spinal cord and the subarachnoid space were seen in the sagittal plane in all cattle. In group A, the mean distance between the skin and subarachnoid space was 38.6 mm, the mean depth of the subarachnoid space dorsal and ventral to the spinal cord was 8.9 mm and 8.4 mm, respectively, the mean diameter of the spinal cord was 9.9 mm and the mean diameter of the dural sac was 26.9 mm. These measurements were similar on transverse images. For collection of CSF from the subarachnoid space, the spinal cord was viewed in longitudinal section. All CSF samples from group A were colourless and clear and the median erythrocyte count was 2.5/μl. Ultrasonographic findings and results of CSF analysis were similar in group B.
Ultrasonography is useful for the visualisation of the spinal cord and facilitates the safe collection of CSF from the atlanto-occipital space in cattle.
本研究描述了牛寰枕间隙的超声表现以及超声引导下牛脑脊液（CSF）的采集。使用5.0兆赫凸阵探头在矢状面和横断面上检查了73头安乐死牛（A组）和14头患有神经系统疾病的活牛（B组）的寰枕间隙。在屏幕上冻结最佳超声图像，并使用电子光标在两个平面上测量各种变量。在纵切面上观察脊髓时，使用脊髓穿刺针沿尾腹方向经正中平面穿刺蛛网膜下腔。脑脊液（CSF）检查仅限于大体评估和红细胞计数。
在所有牛的矢状面均可见脊髓和蛛网膜下腔。在A组中，皮肤与蛛网膜下腔之间的平均距离为38.6毫米，脊髓背侧和腹侧蛛网膜下腔的平均深度分别为8.9毫米和8.4毫米，脊髓的平均直径为9.9毫米，硬脊膜囊的平均直径为26.9毫米。这些测量值在横断图像上相似。为了从蛛网膜下腔采集脑脊液，在纵切面上观察脊髓。A组所有脑脊液样本均无色透明，红细胞计数中位数为2.5/微升。B组的超声检查结果和脑脊液分析结果相似。
超声检查有助于观察牛的脊髓，并便于从牛的寰枕间隙安全采集脑脊液。
