Liu Hui, Su Jilan
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Apr;24(10):8957-8966. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5239-3. Epub 2015 Sep 2.
Rapid economic development and increasing population in China have exerted tremendous pressures on the coastal ecosystems. In addition to land-based pollutants and reclamation, fast expansion of large-scale intensive mariculture activities has also brought about additional effects. So far, the ecological impact of rapid mariculture development and its large-scale operations has not drawn enough attention. In this paper, the rapid development of mariculture in China is reviewed, China's effort in the application of ecological mariculture is examined, and the vulnerability of marine ecosystem to mariculture impact is evaluated through a number of examples. Removal or reduced large and forage fish, due to both habitat loss to reclamation/mariculture and overfishing for food or fishmeal, may have far-reaching effects on the coastal and shelf ecosystems in the long run. Large-scale intensive mariculture operations carry with them undesirable biological and biochemical characteristics, which may have consequences on natural ecosystems beyond normally perceived spatial and temporal boundaries. As our understanding of possible impacts of large-scale intensive mariculture is lagging far behind its development, much research is urgently needed.
中国快速的经济发展和不断增长的人口给沿海生态系统带来了巨大压力。除了陆源污染物和围填海之外，大规模集约化海水养殖活动的迅速扩张也带来了额外影响。到目前为止，海水养殖快速发展及其大规模运营所产生的生态影响尚未得到足够关注。本文回顾了中国海水养殖的快速发展，审视了中国在生态养殖应用方面所做的努力，并通过一些实例评估了海洋生态系统对海水养殖影响的脆弱性。由于围填海/海水养殖导致栖息地丧失以及为获取食物或鱼粉而过度捕捞，大型和饵料鱼类的减少或消失从长远来看可能会对沿海和陆架生态系统产生深远影响。大规模集约化海水养殖作业具有不良的生物学和生物化学特征，这可能会对自然生态系统产生超出正常时空界限的影响。由于我们对大规模集约化海水养殖可能产生的影响的认识远远落后于其发展速度，因此迫切需要开展大量研究。
