Laabs Eva-Maria, Mischke Reinhard, Dziallas Peter, Maiolini Arianna, Tipold Andrea, Raddatz Barbara, Puff Christina, Rehage Jürgen
Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
Acta Vet Scand. 2015 Sep 3;57(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s13028-015-0141-z.
A three-month-old female Holstein-Friesian calf was presented with acute tetraparesis. After neurological examination a multifocal lesion in the central nervous system was suspected with the most pronounced lesions between the third thoracic and the third lumbar vertebrae. Haematological examination revealed moderate anaemia as well as severe thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and leucocytosis. A blood smear and bone marrow aspirate exhibited predominantly blasts with basophilic granulation leading to a diagnosis of acute (myeloid) leukaemia with involvement of the basophilic lineage or an acute basophilic leukaemia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed spinal cord compression; at necropsy, extensive localised haemorrhages extending into the thoracic vertebral canal were found. Histopathology revealed a large population of blast cells in several tissues including the meninges. Due to multifocal detection of neoplastic cells in the vascular system, neoplasia of the haematopoietic system was assumed in agreement with haematological findings. Signs of paresis could be explained by intramedullary spinal cord haemorrhage and myeloid infiltrations of meningeal vessels. In conclusion, despite its rarity, acute myeloid leukaemia with involvement of the basophilic lineage may be considered in diagnosing calves with progressive deteriorating general condition, paresis, leucocytosis with moderate basophilic differentiation or haemorrhagic disorders.
一头三个月大的雌性荷斯坦 - 弗里生犊牛出现急性四肢轻瘫。经神经学检查，怀疑中枢神经系统存在多灶性病变，最明显的病变位于第三胸椎至第三腰椎之间。血液学检查显示中度贫血以及严重的血小板减少、中性粒细胞减少和白细胞增多。血涂片和骨髓穿刺涂片主要显示有嗜碱性颗粒的原始细胞，从而诊断为累及嗜碱性细胞系的急性（髓性）白血病或急性嗜碱性白血病。磁共振成像显示脊髓受压；尸检时，发现广泛的局部出血延伸至胸椎椎管。组织病理学显示在包括脑膜在内的多个组织中有大量原始细胞。由于在血管系统中多灶性检测到肿瘤细胞，结合血液学检查结果，推测为造血系统肿瘤。轻瘫症状可由脊髓内出血和脑膜血管的髓样浸润来解释。总之，尽管罕见，但在诊断病情逐渐恶化、出现轻瘫、伴有中度嗜碱性分化的白细胞增多或出血性疾病的犊牛时，应考虑累及嗜碱性细胞系的急性髓性白血病。
