Bogacka Iwona, Kurzynska Aleksandra, Bogacki Marek, Chojnowska Katarzyna
Department of Animal Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2015;53(3):189-200. doi: 10.5603/fhc.a2015.0023. Epub 2015 Sep 4.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor family. In the past decade, numerous studies have revealed the presence and significance of PPARs in the reproductive system. PPARs are expressed at different levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. They are also present in the uterus as well as in the placenta and embryonic tissues of different species. PPARs significance has been reported during the estrous/menstrual cycle and pregnancy with the gamma isoform studied most frequently. Several studies indicate that PPARs regulate proliferation of ovarian cells, tissue remodeling and steroidogenesis. In the endometrium, PPARs are engaged in the regulation of prostaglandins, steroids and cytokines synthesis. The role of PPARs in the trophoblast differentiation, maturation and invasion as well as in the embryo development has also been demonstrated. In this review, we summarize current findings concerning the role of PPARs in the regulation of reproductive functions at different levels of the HPG axis during various physiological statuses of females. In addition, the role of PPARs in the modulation of uterine functions as well as the placenta and embryo development has also been discussed.
过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPARs）属于配体依赖性核受体家族。在过去十年中，大量研究揭示了PPARs在生殖系统中的存在及其重要性。PPARs在下丘脑-垂体-性腺（HPG）轴的不同水平表达。它们也存在于不同物种的子宫、胎盘和胚胎组织中。在发情周期/月经周期和妊娠期间，PPARs的重要性已有报道，其中γ亚型研究最为频繁。多项研究表明，PPARs调节卵巢细胞增殖、组织重塑和类固醇生成。在子宫内膜中，PPARs参与调节前列腺素、类固醇和细胞因子的合成。PPARs在滋养层细胞分化、成熟和侵袭以及胚胎发育中的作用也已得到证实。在本综述中，我们总结了目前关于PPARs在女性不同生理状态下对HPG轴不同水平生殖功能调节作用的研究结果。此外，还讨论了PPARs在调节子宫功能以及胎盘和胚胎发育中的作用。
