Lima Luiza Fagundes, Murta Giselle Luciane, Bandeira Ana Carla Balthar, Nardeli Clarissa Rodrigues, Lima Wanderson Geraldo, Bezerra Frank Silva
Graduating in Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry (LBM), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
Ann Anat. 2015 Nov;202:45-51. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.08.003. Epub 2015 Aug 21.
Formaldehyde (FA) is an environmental pollutant widely used in industry. Exposure to FA causes irritation of the respiratory mucosa and is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in the airways. This study aimed at investigating the oxidative effects on the inflammatory response in the trachea and the diaphragm muscle (DM) of rats exposed to different concentrations of formaldehyde. Twenty-eight Fischer male rats were divided into four groups: control group (CG) exposed to the ambient air; and three groups exposed to the following formaldehyde concentrations of 1% (FA1), 5% (FA5) and 10% (FA10), respectively. The exposure occurred for twenty minutes, three times a day for five days. Oxidative stress analyses were performed by carbonyl protein, lipid peroxidation and catalase activity. The assessment of inflammatory cell influx in both organs and the mucus production in the trachea was carried out. There was an increase of lipid peroxidation in the trachea and the DM of FA1 and FA5 groups compared to the CG and FA10. The oxidation of DM proteins increased in FA10 group compared to CG, FA1 and FA5. The catalase enzyme activity in the DM was reduced in FA1, FA5 and FA10 compared to the CG. Meanwhile, there was a reduction in the enzymatic activity of FA10 compared to the CG in the trachea. The morphometric analysis in the DM demonstrated an influx of inflammatory cells in FA10 compared to the CG. In FA10 group, the tracheal epithelium showed metaplasia and ulceration. In addition, the tracheal epithelium showed more mucus deposits in FA5 compared to CG, FA1 and FA10. The results demonstrated that the exposure to formaldehyde at different concentrations in a short period of time promotes oxidative damage and inflammation in the DM and the trachea and causes metaplasia, ulceration and increased mucus at the latter.
甲醛（FA）是一种广泛应用于工业的环境污染物。接触甲醛会导致呼吸道黏膜受到刺激，并与气道炎症和氧化应激有关。本研究旨在调查不同浓度甲醛暴露对大鼠气管和膈肌（DM）炎症反应的氧化作用。28只雄性Fischer大鼠被分为四组：暴露于环境空气中的对照组（CG）；以及分别暴露于1%（FA1）、5%（FA5）和10%（FA10）甲醛浓度的三组。暴露持续20分钟，每天3次，共5天。通过羰基蛋白、脂质过氧化和过氧化氢酶活性进行氧化应激分析。对两个器官中的炎性细胞浸润和气管中的黏液分泌进行评估。与CG组和FA10组相比，FA1组和FA5组的气管和DM中脂质过氧化增加。与CG组、FA1组和FA5组相比，FA10组DM蛋白的氧化增加。与CG组相比，FA1组、FA5组和FA10组DM中的过氧化氢酶活性降低。同时，与CG组相比，气管中FA10组的酶活性降低。DM的形态计量分析表明，与CG组相比，FA10组有炎性细胞浸润。在FA10组中，气管上皮出现化生和溃疡。此外，与CG组、FA1组和FA10组相比，FA5组气管上皮的黏液沉积更多。结果表明，短时间内暴露于不同浓度的甲醛会促进DM和气管的氧化损伤和炎症，并导致气管出现化生、溃疡和黏液增加。
