Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Jan 1;539:331-336. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.005. Epub 2015 Sep 11.
A retrospective study was carried out by reviewing all suspected cases of domestic animal poisoning attributed to pesticides, reported to the Milan Poison Control Centre (MPCC) between January 2011 and December 2013. During this period, pesticides were found to be responsible for 37.3% of all suspected poisoning enquiries received (815). The most commonly species involved was the dog (71.1% of calls) followed by the cat (15.8%), while a limited number of cases involved horses, goats and sheep. Most cases of exposure (47.1%) resulted in mild to moderate clinical signs. The outcome was reported in 59.9% of these cases, with death occurring in 10.4% of them. Insecticides (40.8%) proved to be the most common group of pesticides involved and exposure to pyrethrins-pyrethroids accounted for the majority of calls. According to the MPCC data, there has been a decrease in the number of suspected poisonings cases attributed to pesticides that have been banned by the EU, including aldicarb, carbofuran, endosulfan and paraquat. In contrast, there has been an increase of suspected poisoning cases attributed to the neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and acetamiprid, probably due to their widespread use in recent years. Cases of suspected poisoning that involved exposure to rodenticides accounted for 27.6% of calls received by the MPCC and anticoagulant rodenticides were the primary cause of calls, with many cases involving brodifacoum and bromadiolone. Herbicides were involved in 14.2% of calls related to pesticides and glyphosate was the main culprit in cases involving dogs, cats, horses, goats and sheep. As far as exposure to molluscicides (11.5%) and fungicides (5.9%), most of the cases involved dogs and the suspected poisoning agents were metaldehyde and copper compounds respectively. The data collected are useful in determining trends in poisoning episodes and identifying newly emerging toxicants, thus demonstrating the prevalence of pesticides as causative agents in animal poisonings.
一项回顾性研究对 2011 年 1 月至 2013 年 12 月期间向米兰中毒控制中心（MPCC）报告的所有与农药有关的家养动物中毒疑似病例进行了回顾。在此期间，农药被发现是所有疑似中毒咨询的 37.3%（815 例）的原因。最常见的物种是狗（71.1%的电话），其次是猫（15.8%），而少数病例涉及马、山羊和绵羊。大多数暴露病例（47.1%）导致轻度至中度临床症状。在这些病例中，59.9%的病例报告了结果，其中 10.4%的病例死亡。杀虫剂（40.8%）是最常见的农药，拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂占大多数。根据 MPCC 的数据，欧盟已禁止使用的农药引起的疑似中毒病例数量有所减少，包括涕灭威、克百威、硫丹和百草枯。相比之下，由于近年来广泛使用，新烟碱类杀虫剂、吡虫啉和噻虫胺引起的疑似中毒病例有所增加。MPCC 接到的疑似中毒病例中，有 27.6%涉及杀鼠剂，抗凝血杀鼠剂是引起中毒的主要原因，许多病例涉及溴鼠灵和溴敌隆。除草剂在与农药有关的病例中占 14.2%，草甘膦是涉及狗、猫、马、山羊和绵羊的病例的主要元凶。至于接触杀螺剂（11.5%）和杀真菌剂（5.9%），大多数病例涉及狗，可疑中毒剂分别为二甲四氯和铜化合物。收集的数据有助于确定中毒事件的趋势和识别新出现的有毒物质，从而证明农药是动物中毒的主要原因。
