Kidd Courtney D A, Thompson Philip J, Barrett Lucy, Baltic Svetlana
1 Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
2 Centre for Respiratory Health, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and.
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016 Jan;54(1):3-12. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0050TR.
Complex lung diseases, such as asthma, are influenced by both genetic predisposition and environmental stimuli. The epigenetic landscape of such diseases is attracting increasing interest and research. Epigenetics broadly covers the transient and the inheritable changes to gene expression that are not directly due to changes in nucleotide sequences. Epigenetic mechanisms could have significant impact on asthma-related allergic, immune, and regulatory pathways, as well as on the generation of biomarkers and the heritable transmission of asthma phenotypes. Recent technological advances have allowed mapping of the epigenome and analysis of genome-wide epigenetic contributors to disease. As a result, ground-breaking observations regarding histone post-translational modifications in a number of immunological diseases have emerged. In this review, we look beyond the biological information coded by DNA and review the epigenetic modifications made to histones, with evidence suggesting a role for their modification in asthma.
复杂的肺部疾病，如哮喘，受到遗传易感性和环境刺激的双重影响。此类疾病的表观遗传格局正吸引着越来越多的关注和研究。表观遗传学广泛涵盖了并非直接由核苷酸序列变化引起的基因表达的瞬时和可遗传变化。表观遗传机制可能对哮喘相关的过敏、免疫和调节途径产生重大影响，也会影响生物标志物的生成以及哮喘表型的遗传传递。最近的技术进步使得对表观基因组进行图谱绘制以及分析全基因组范围内导致疾病的表观遗传因素成为可能。因此，在一些免疫疾病中关于组蛋白翻译后修饰的开创性观察结果已经出现。在本综述中，我们超越了由DNA编码的生物学信息，回顾了对组蛋白的表观遗传修饰，有证据表明它们的修饰在哮喘中发挥作用。
