Zampino Rosa, Coppola Nicola, Sagnelli Caterina, Di Caprio Giovanni, Sagnelli Evangelista
Rosa Zampino, Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, Internal Medicine, Second University Naples, 80135 Naples, Italy.
World J Hepatol. 2015 Sep 28;7(21):2323-30. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i21.2323.
The studies on hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in prison populations are few and mostly cross-sectional. We analyzed prevalently the articles appearing on PubMed in the last ten years. HCV infection is frequent in prisoners, prevalences ranging from 3.1% to 38% according to the HCV endemicity in the geographical location of the prison and in the countries of origin of the foreign prisoners and to the prevalence of intravenous drug use, which is the most important risk factor for HCV infection, followed by an older age of prisoners and previous prison terms. HCV replication in anti-HCV-positive cases varies from 45% to 90% in different studies, and the most common HCV genotypes are generally 1 and 3. The response to antiviral treatment is similar in prisoners to that of the general population. Unfortunately, treatment is administered less frequently to prisoners because of the difficulties in management and follow-up. The new directly acting antivirals offer a good therapy option for inmates because of their good efficacy, short duration of treatment and low incidence of side effects. The efforts of the prison authorities and medical staff should be focused on reducing the spread of HCV infection in prisons by extending the possibility of follow-up and treatment to more prisoners with chronic hepatitis C.
关于监狱人群丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染的研究较少，且大多为横断面研究。我们主要分析了过去十年在PubMed上发表的文章。HCV感染在囚犯中很常见，根据监狱地理位置以及外国囚犯原籍国的HCV流行情况和静脉注射吸毒的流行率，流行率在3.1%至38%之间，静脉注射吸毒是HCV感染最重要的危险因素，其次是囚犯年龄较大和有过前科。在不同研究中，抗HCV阳性病例中的HCV复制率在45%至90%之间，最常见的HCV基因型通常为1型和3型。囚犯对抗病毒治疗的反应与普通人群相似。不幸的是，由于管理和随访困难，囚犯接受治疗的频率较低。新型直接作用抗病毒药物因其疗效好、治疗时间短和副作用发生率低，为囚犯提供了一个良好的治疗选择。监狱当局和医务人员应致力于通过扩大对更多慢性丙型肝炎囚犯的随访和治疗可能性，来减少监狱中HCV感染的传播。
