Waldinger Robert J, Cohen Shiri, Schulz Marc S, Crowell Judith A
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College.
Clin Psychol Sci. 2015 Jun 1;3(4):516-529. doi: 10.1177/2167702614541261.
Social ties are powerful predictors of late-life health and wellbeing. Although many adults maintain intimate partnerships into late life, little is known about mental models of attachment to spouses and how they influence aging. Eighty-one elderly heterosexual couples (162 individuals) were interviewed to examine the structure of attachment security to their partners and completed measures of cognition and wellbeing concurrently and 2.5 years later. Factor analysis revealed a single factor for security of attachment. Higher security was linked concurrently with greater marital satisfaction, fewer depressive symptoms, better mood, and less frequent marital conflicts. Greater security predicted lower levels of negative affect, less depression, and greater life satisfaction 2.5 years later. For women, greater security predicted better memory 2.5 years later and attenuated the link between frequency of marital conflict and memory deficits. Late in life, mental models of attachment to partners are linked to wellbeing concurrently and over time.
社会关系是晚年健康和幸福的有力预测指标。尽管许多成年人在晚年仍保持亲密伴侣关系，但对于对配偶的依恋心理模型及其如何影响衰老，我们知之甚少。研究人员对81对老年异性恋夫妇（162人）进行了访谈，以考察他们对伴侣的依恋安全感结构，并在同时以及2.5年后完成了认知和幸福感测量。因素分析揭示了依恋安全感的单一因素。更高的安全感与更高的婚姻满意度、更少的抑郁症状、更好的情绪以及更少的婚姻冲突同时存在关联。更高的安全感预示着2.5年后更低水平的负面影响、更少的抑郁以及更高的生活满意度。对于女性而言，更高的安全感预示着2.5年后更好的记忆力，并减弱了婚姻冲突频率与记忆缺陷之间的联系。在晚年，对伴侣的依恋心理模型在当下及随时间推移都与幸福感相关联。
