Rodríguez-Arias Marta, Aguilar María A, Miñarro José
a Universidad de Valencia, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia , Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain +34 9 63 86 40 20 ; +34 9 63 86 46 68 ;
Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2015;24(11):1459-72. doi: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1086746. Epub 2015 Sep 28.
Opiate drugs are psychoactive substances used to manage severe pain. However, their chronic use is associated with the development of addiction. Opiate addiction represents a significant public health concern.
This review focuses on the most recent advances in the pharmacological treatment of opiate addiction, from those being tested in clinical trials (Phase I and II), to preclinical studies that point to new targets. Readers will gain knowledge of the wide variety of treatments used to treat opiate addiction, including their strengths and weaknesses, and the promising pharmacological targets identified by preclinical research.
Among the currently available agonist therapies, new dosage forms of buprenorphine can increase patient acceptability and compliance. New extended-release forms of naltrexone are building hope of retaining opiate-dependent subjects in a drug-free state. Unfortunately, the review of the literature shows that successful preclinical studies are often followed by discouraging results in human clinical trials. Nevertheless, all targets of potential interest should be tested exhaustively. Indeed, a number of new targets and research lines (genetics and neuroinflammation approaches) may lead to breakthroughs in the future.
阿片类药物是用于控制剧痛的精神活性物质。然而，长期使用这些药物会导致成瘾。阿片类药物成瘾是一个重大的公共卫生问题。
本综述聚焦于阿片类药物成瘾药物治疗的最新进展，从正在进行临床试验（I期和II期）的药物，到指向新靶点的临床前研究。读者将了解用于治疗阿片类药物成瘾的各种治疗方法，包括它们的优缺点，以及临床前研究所确定的有前景的药理学靶点。
在目前可用的激动剂疗法中，丁丙诺啡的新剂型可提高患者的接受度和依从性。纳曲酮的新型缓释剂型让人们有望使阿片类药物依赖者保持无药状态。遗憾的是，文献综述表明，临床前研究取得成功后，人体临床试验结果往往令人沮丧。尽管如此，所有潜在感兴趣的靶点都应进行全面测试。确实，一些新的靶点和研究方向（遗传学和神经炎症方法）可能在未来带来突破。
