Beyene Takele, Endalamaw Dagnachew, Tolossa Yonas, Feyisa Ashenafi
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
Department of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
BMC Res Notes. 2015 Sep 28;8:482. doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1466-4.
Rational use of drugs in veterinary medicine has numerous benefits, such as increasing efficacy, decreasing the potential adverse effects, reducing risk of drug residue and combating development of microorganism's drug resistance.
A retrospective study with the aim of evaluating the current rational use of veterinary drugs was conducted at college of veterinary medicine and agriculture veterinary teaching hospital and Ada district veterinary clinic, central Ethiopia. One thousand eight hundred and nineteen animal patients' encounters were randomly selected for the study from prescription papers and prescription registration books retrospectively.
The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 1.23 with maximum of five. The percentage of encounters in which antimicrobials and anthelmintics was prescribed were 54.4% (1216/2235) and 38.9% (869/2235), respectively. The percentages of drugs prescribed by generic name and from essential veterinary drug list were 90.1% (2014/2235) and 99.7% (2229/2235), respectively. The most commonly prescribed antimicrobials and anthelmintics were oxytetracycline 1016 (45.5%), penicillin and streptomycin combination 168 (7.5%), sulfa drugs 23 (1.0%), and albendazole 732 (32.8%) and ivermectin 137 (6.1%). Among the 1819 animal-patient encounters, only 57% (n = 1037) of the prescriptions were written adequately, 43% (n = 782) incorrectly prescribed and 1179 cases of the adequately specified prescription were tentatively diagnosed. For 656 (53.9%) and 233 (26.8%) inadequately specified cases antimicrobials and anthelmintics were prescribed, respectively. Antibiotics were prescribed irrationally for cases which were tentatively diagnosed as parasitic 21.6 % (n = 262) and viral to prevent secondary bacterial complications 6.0% (n = 73). Among all patients that were admitted to veterinary clinics, 96.6% (1757) were treated empirically without getting correct laboratory-supported diagnosis. Chi Square test for trend analysis showed a statistically significant association between irrational drug usage and year (p = 0.000).
The findings had shown problems in generic prescribing, incorrect diagnosis, and non-availability of standard veterinary treatment guideline and drug formulary in the study area. Therefore, veterinary drugs, specially, antimicrobial agents should be judiciously used; and a wide scale study to safeguard the public from drug residual effects and antimicrobial resistance development is recommended.
在兽医学中合理使用药物有诸多益处，如提高疗效、降低潜在不良反应、减少药物残留风险以及对抗微生物耐药性的发展。
在埃塞俄比亚中部的兽医学院和农业兽医教学医院以及阿达地区兽医诊所进行了一项回顾性研究，旨在评估当前兽药的合理使用情况。从处方单和处方登记簿中回顾性地随机选取1819例动物患者的诊疗记录用于研究。
每次诊疗开具的药物平均数量为1.23种，最多为5种。开具抗菌药和驱虫药的诊疗记录所占百分比分别为54.4%（1216/2235）和38.9%（869/2235）。使用通用名开具的药物以及来自基本兽药清单的药物所占百分比分别为90.1%（2014/2235）和99.7%（2229/2235）。最常开具的抗菌药和驱虫药分别是土霉素1016例（45.5%）、青霉素和链霉素组合168例（7.5%）、磺胺类药物23例（1.0%），以及阿苯达唑732例（32.8%）和伊维菌素137例（6.1%）。在1819例动物患者的诊疗记录中，只有57%（n = 1037）的处方书写规范，43%（n = 782）开具错误，1179例书写规范的处方为初步诊断。在656例（53.9%）和233例（26.8%）书写不规范的病例中分别开具了抗菌药和驱虫药。对于初步诊断为寄生虫病的病例，不合理使用抗生素的比例为21.6%（n = 262），对于诊断为病毒感染以预防继发性细菌并发症的病例，不合理使用抗生素的比例为6.0%（n = 73）。在所有入住兽医诊所的患者中，96.6%（1757例）是在未得到正确实验室支持诊断的情况下进行经验性治疗的。趋势分析的卡方检验显示不合理用药与年份之间存在统计学显著关联（p = 0.000）。
研究结果表明，研究区域存在通用名开药问题、诊断错误以及缺乏标准的兽医治疗指南和药物处方集。因此，应谨慎使用兽药，特别是抗菌药物；建议开展大规模研究，以保护公众免受药物残留影响和抗菌药物耐药性发展的危害。
