Engel Stephanie M, Bradman Asa, Wolff Mary S, Rauh Virginia A, Harley Kim G, Yang Jenny H, Hoepner Lori A, Barr Dana Boyd, Yolton Kimberly, Vedar Michelle G, Xu Yingying, Hornung Richard W, Wetmur James G, Chen Jia, Holland Nina T, Perera Frederica P, Whyatt Robin M, Lanphear Bruce P, Eskenazi Brenda
Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2016 Jun;124(6):822-30. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1409474. Epub 2015 Sep 29.
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are used in agriculture worldwide. Residential use was common in the United States before 2001.
We conducted a pooled analysis of four birth cohorts (children's centers; n = 936) to evaluate associations of prenatal exposure to OPs with child development at 24 months.
Using general linear models, we computed site-specific and pooled estimates of the association of total dialkyl (ΣDAP), diethyl (ΣDEP), and dimethylphosphate (ΣDMP) metabolite concentrations in maternal prenatal urine with mental and psychomotor development indices (MDI/PDI) and evaluated heterogeneity by children's center, race/ethnicity, and PON1 genotype.
There was significant heterogeneity in the center-specific estimates of association for ΣDAP and ΣDMP and the MDI (p = 0.09, and p = 0.05, respectively), as well as heterogeneity in the race/ethnicity-specific estimates for ΣDAP (p = 0.06) and ΣDMP (p = 0.02) and the MDI. Strong MDI associations in the CHAMACOS population per 10-fold increase in ΣDAP (β = -4.17; 95% CI: -7.00, -1.33) and ΣDMP (β = -3.64; 95% CI: -5.97, -1.32) were influential, as were associations among Hispanics (β per 10-fold increase in ΣDAP = -2.91; 95% CI: -4.71, -1.12). We generally found stronger negative associations of ΣDAP and ΣDEP with the 24-month MDI for carriers of the 192Q PON1 allele, particularly among blacks and Hispanics.
Data pooling was complicated by center-related differences in subject characteristics, eligibility, and changes in regulations governing residential use of OPs during the study periods. Pooled summary estimates of prenatal exposure to OPs and neurodevelopment should be interpreted with caution because of significant heterogeneity in associations by center, race/ethnicity, and PON1 genotype. Subgroups with unique exposure profiles or susceptibilities may be at higher risk for adverse neurodevelopment following prenatal exposure.
Engel SM, Bradman A, Wolff MS, Rauh VA, Harley KG, Yang JH, Hoepner LA, Barr DB, Yolton K, Vedar MG, Xu Y, Hornung RW, Wetmur JG, Chen J, Holland NT, Perera FP, Whyatt RM, Lanphear BP, Eskenazi B. 2016. Prenatal organophosphorus pesticide exposure and child neurodevelopment at 24 months: an analysis of four birth cohorts. Environ Health Perspect 124:822-830; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409474.
有机磷农药（OPs）在全球农业中广泛使用。2001年以前，在美国住宅使用也很普遍。
我们对四个出生队列（儿童中心；n = 936）进行了汇总分析，以评估产前接触有机磷农药与24个月时儿童发育之间的关联。
使用一般线性模型，我们计算了孕妇产前尿液中总二烷基（ΣDAP）、二乙基（ΣDEP）和二甲基磷酸酯（ΣDMP）代谢物浓度与智力和心理运动发育指数（MDI/PDI）之间关联的特定地点和汇总估计值，并按儿童中心、种族/民族和对氧磷酶1（PON1）基因型评估异质性。
ΣDAP和ΣDMP与MDI的特定中心关联估计值存在显著异质性（分别为p = 0.09和p = 0.05），ΣDAP（p = 0.06）和ΣDMP（p = 0.02）与MDI的种族/民族特定估计值也存在异质性。在CHAMACOS人群中，ΣDAP每增加10倍（β = -4.17；95%可信区间：-7.00，-1.33）和ΣDMP每增加10倍（β = -3.64；95%可信区间：-5.97，-1.32）时与MDI的强关联有影响，西班牙裔中的关联（ΣDAP每增加10倍β = -2.91；95%可信区间：-4.71，-1.12）也有影响。我们通常发现，对于携带192Q PON1等位基因的个体，ΣDAP和ΣDEP与24个月时的MDI有更强的负关联，尤其是在黑人和西班牙裔中。
由于研究期间各中心在研究对象特征、入选标准以及住宅使用有机磷农药相关法规变化方面存在差异，数据汇总变得复杂。由于中心、种族/民族和PON1基因型之间的关联存在显著异质性，产前接触有机磷农药与神经发育的汇总总结估计值应谨慎解释。具有独特暴露特征或易感性的亚组在产前接触后可能有更高的不良神经发育风险。
Engel SM, Bradman A, Wolff MS, Rauh VA, Harley KG, Yang JH, Hoepner LA, Barr DB, Yolton K, Vedar MG, Xu Y, Hornung RW, Wetmur JG, Chen J, Holland NT, Perera FP, Whyatt RM, Lanphear BP, Eskenazi B. 2016. Prenatal organophosphorus pesticide exposure and child neurodevelopment at 24 months: an analysis of four birth cohorts. Environ Health Perspect 124:822-830; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409474.
