Findlay John K, Hutt Karla J, Hickey Martha, Anderson Richard A
Centre for Reproductive Biology, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Centre for Reproductive Biology, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Biol Reprod. 2015 Nov;93(5):111. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.133652. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
The number of primordial follicles in the ovarian reserve is an important determinant of the length of the ovarian lifespan, and therefore the fertility of an individual. This reserve contains all of the oocytes potentially available for fertilization throughout the fertile lifespan. The maximum number is set during pregnancy or just after birth in most mammalian species; current evidence does not support neofolliculogenesis after the ovarian reserve is established, although this is increasingly being reexamined. Under physiological circumstances, this number will be influenced by the number of primordial germ cells initially specified in the epiblast of the developing embryo, their proliferation during and after migration to the developing gonads, and their death during oogenesis and formation of primordial follicles at nest breakdown. Death of germ cells during the establishment of the ovarian reserve occurs principally by autophagy or apoptosis, although the triggers that initiate these remain elusive. This review outlines the regulatory steps that determine the number of primordial follicles and thus the number of oocytes in the ovarian reserve at birth, using the mouse as the model, interspersed with human data where available. This information has application for understanding the variability in duration of fertility that occurs between normal individuals and with age, in premature ovarian insufficiency, and after chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
卵巢储备中原始卵泡的数量是卵巢寿命长短的重要决定因素，因此也是个体生育能力的重要决定因素。该储备包含了在整个可育寿命期间所有可能用于受精的卵母细胞。在大多数哺乳动物物种中，最大数量在孕期或出生后不久就已确定；目前的证据不支持在卵巢储备建立后有新卵泡生成，尽管这一点正越来越多地受到重新审视。在生理情况下，这个数量会受到发育中胚胎上胚层最初指定的原始生殖细胞数量、它们在迁移到发育中的性腺期间及之后的增殖情况，以及它们在卵子发生和原始卵泡在巢破裂时形成过程中的死亡情况的影响。在卵巢储备建立过程中，生殖细胞的死亡主要通过自噬或凋亡发生，尽管引发这些过程的触发因素仍然不明。本综述以小鼠为模型，穿插引用可用的人类数据，概述了决定原始卵泡数量从而决定出生时卵巢储备中卵母细胞数量的调控步骤。这些信息有助于理解正常个体之间以及随着年龄增长、在卵巢早衰以及化疗或放疗后生育能力持续时间的变异性。
