Erb Matthias, Robert Christelle A M, Marti Guillaume, Lu Jing, Doyen Gwladys R, Villard Neil, Barrière Yves, French B Wade, Wolfender Jean-Luc, Turlings Ted C J, Gershenzon Jonathan
Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland (M.E., C.A.M.R.);Root-Herbivore Interactions Group, Department of Biochemistry (M.E., C.A.M.R., J.L.), and Department of Biochemistry (J.G.), Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, DE-07745 Jena, Germany;Laboratory for Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2009 Neuchatel, Switzerland (M.E., C.A.M.R., G.R.D., N.V., T.C.J.T.);Phytochemistry and Bioactive Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.M., J.-L.W.);Unité de Génétique et d'Amélioration des Plantes Fourragères, INRA, 86600 Lusignan, France (Y.B.); andUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Brookings, South Dakota 57006 (B.W.F.)
Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland (M.E., C.A.M.R.);Root-Herbivore Interactions Group, Department of Biochemistry (M.E., C.A.M.R., J.L.), and Department of Biochemistry (J.G.), Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, DE-07745 Jena, Germany;Laboratory for Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2009 Neuchatel, Switzerland (M.E., C.A.M.R., G.R.D., N.V., T.C.J.T.);Phytochemistry and Bioactive Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.M., J.-L.W.);Unité de Génétique et d'Amélioration des Plantes Fourragères, INRA, 86600 Lusignan, France (Y.B.); andUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Brookings, South Dakota 57006 (B.W.F.).
Plant Physiol. 2015 Dec;169(4):2884-94. doi: 10.1104/pp.15.00759. Epub 2015 Oct 1.
Indirect plant-mediated interactions between herbivores are important drivers of community composition in terrestrial ecosystems. Among the most striking examples are the strong indirect interactions between spatially separated leaf- and root-feeding insects sharing a host plant. Although leaf feeders generally reduce the performance of root herbivores, little is known about the underlying systemic changes in root physiology and the associated behavioral responses of the root feeders. We investigated the consequences of maize (Zea mays) leaf infestation by Spodoptera littoralis caterpillars for the root-feeding larvae of the beetle Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, a major pest of maize. D. virgifera strongly avoided leaf-infested plants by recognizing systemic changes in soluble root components. The avoidance response occurred within 12 h and was induced by real and mimicked herbivory, but not wounding alone. Roots of leaf-infested plants showed altered patterns in soluble free and soluble conjugated phenolic acids. Biochemical inhibition and genetic manipulation of phenolic acid biosynthesis led to a complete disappearance of the avoidance response of D. virgifera. Furthermore, bioactivity-guided fractionation revealed a direct link between the avoidance response of D. virgifera and changes in soluble conjugated phenolic acids in the roots of leaf-attacked plants. Our study provides a physiological mechanism for a behavioral pattern that explains the negative effect of leaf attack on a root-feeding insect. Furthermore, it opens up the possibility to control D. virgifera in the field by genetically mimicking leaf herbivore-induced changes in root phenylpropanoid patterns.
植食性动物之间通过植物介导的间接相互作用是陆地生态系统群落组成的重要驱动因素。其中最显著的例子是共享同一寄主植物的空间分离的叶部和根部取食昆虫之间强烈的间接相互作用。虽然叶部取食者通常会降低根部植食性动物的表现，但对于根部生理学潜在的系统变化以及根部取食者相关的行为反应却知之甚少。我们研究了斜纹夜蛾幼虫对玉米叶片的侵害对玉米主要害虫——西部玉米根萤叶甲的根部取食幼虫的影响。西部玉米根萤叶甲通过识别根部可溶性成分的系统变化，强烈地避开了叶片受侵害的植株。这种回避反应在12小时内发生，由真实的和模拟的食草作用诱导，但单独的创伤不会诱导。叶片受侵害植株的根部在可溶性游离酚酸和可溶性结合酚酸方面表现出改变的模式。酚酸生物合成的生化抑制和基因操作导致西部玉米根萤叶甲的回避反应完全消失。此外，生物活性导向的分级分离揭示了西部玉米根萤叶甲的回避反应与叶片受攻击植株根部可溶性结合酚酸变化之间的直接联系。我们的研究为一种行为模式提供了一种生理机制，该机制解释了叶片攻击对根部取食昆虫的负面影响。此外，它还开辟了通过基因模拟叶食草动物诱导的根部苯丙烷类模式变化来在田间控制西部玉米根萤叶甲的可能性。
