Peng Chao, Zhao Xinguo, Liu Guangxu
College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Sep 30;12(10):12304-23. doi: 10.3390/ijerph121012304.
With the growing utilization and exploration of the ocean, anthropogenic noise increases significantly and gives rise to a new kind of pollution: noise pollution. In this review, the source and the characteristics of noise in the sea, the significance of sound to marine organisms, and the impacts of noise on marine organisms are summarized. In general, the studies about the impact of noise on marine organisms are mainly on adult fish and mammals, which account for more than 50% and 20% of all the cases reported. Studies showed that anthropogenic noise can cause auditory masking, leading to cochlear damage, changes in individual and social behavior, altered metabolisms, hampered population recruitment, and can subsequently affect the health and service functions of marine ecosystems. However, since different sampling methodologies and unstandarized measurements were used and the effects of noise on marine organisms are dependent on the characteristics of the species and noise investigated, it is difficult to compare the reported results. Moreover, the scarcity of studies carried out with other species and with larval or juvenile individuals severely constrains the present understanding of noise pollution. In addition, further studies are needed to reveal in detail the causes for the detected impacts.
随着海洋利用和探索的不断增加，人为噪声显著增加，引发了一种新型污染：噪声污染。在本综述中，总结了海洋噪声的来源和特征、声音对海洋生物的重要性以及噪声对海洋生物的影响。总体而言，关于噪声对海洋生物影响的研究主要集中在成年鱼类和哺乳动物上，在所有报道的案例中分别占比超过50%和20%。研究表明，人为噪声会导致听觉掩蔽，进而造成耳蜗损伤、个体和社会行为改变、新陈代谢变化、种群补充受阻，并随后影响海洋生态系统的健康和服务功能。然而，由于使用了不同的采样方法和未标准化的测量，且噪声对海洋生物的影响取决于所研究物种和噪声的特征，因此难以比较所报道的结果。此外，针对其他物种以及幼体或幼龄个体开展的研究匮乏，严重限制了目前对噪声污染的认识。此外，还需要进一步研究以详细揭示所检测到的影响的成因。
