Oswald Tasha M, Winter-Messiers Mary Ann, Gibson Brandon, Schmidt Alexandra M, Herr Cynthia M, Solomon Marjorie
Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, U.C. Davis Medical Center, M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2016 Feb;46(2):624-36. doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2608-1.
We hypothesized that the double hit conferred by sex and diagnosis increases the risk for internalizing disorders in adolescent females with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In a sample of 32 adolescents with ASD and 32 controls, we examined the effects of sex, diagnostic factors, and developmental stages on depression and anxiety. A 3-way interaction revealed that females with ASD exhibited greater depressive symptoms than males with ASD and female controls particularly during early adolescence; therefore, females with ASD might have a unique combination of genetic, hormonal, and psychosocial vulnerabilities that heighten their risk for depression during early adolescence. Additionally, the ASD group reported high levels of separation anxiety and panic in late adolescence, possibly indicating atypical development of independence.
我们假设，性别和诊断所带来的双重影响会增加患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的青春期女性出现内化障碍的风险。在一个由32名患有ASD的青少年和32名对照组组成的样本中，我们研究了性别、诊断因素和发育阶段对抑郁和焦虑的影响。三因素交互作用表明，患有ASD的女性比患有ASD的男性和女性对照组表现出更严重的抑郁症状，尤其是在青春期早期；因此，患有ASD的女性可能具有独特的遗传、激素和心理社会易感性组合，这增加了她们在青春期早期患抑郁症的风险。此外，ASD组在青春期后期报告了高水平的分离焦虑和恐慌，这可能表明独立性的非典型发展。
