Sekulic Damir, Kontic Dean, Esco Michael R, Zenic Natasa, Milanovic Zoran, Zvan Milan
1Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia; 2University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia; 3Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Mongomery, Alabama; 4Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia; and 5Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2016 May;30(5):1316-24. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001213.
Specific-conditioning capacities (SCC) are known to be generally important in water polo (WP), yet the independent associations to offensive and defensive performance is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether offense and defense abilities in WP were independently associated with SCC and anthropometrics. The participants were 82 high-level male youth WP players (all 17-19 years of age; body height, 186.3 ± 6.07 cm; body mass, 84.8 ± 9.6 kg). The independent variables were body height and body mass, and 5 sport-specific fitness tests: sprint swimming over 15 meters; 4 × 50-meter anaerobic-endurance test; vertical in-water-jump; maximum intensity isometric force in upright swimming using an eggbeater kick; and test of throwing velocity. The 6 dependent variables comprised parameters of defensive and offensive performance, such as polyvalence, i.e., ability to play on different positions in defensive tasks (PD) and offensive tasks (PO), efficacy in primary playing position in defensive (ED) and offensive (EO) tasks, and agility in defensive (AD) and offensive (AO) tasks. Analyses showed appropriate reliability for independent (intraclass coefficient of 0.82-0.91) and dependent variables (Cronbach alpha of 0.81-0.95). Multiple regressions were significant for ED (R = 0.25; p < 0.01), EO (R = 0.21; p < 0.01), AD (R = 0.40; p < 0.01), and AO (R = 0.35; p < 0.01). Anaerobic-swimming performance was positively related to AD (β = -0.26; p ≤ 0.05), whereas advanced sprint swimming was related to better AO (β = -0.38; p ≤ 0.05). In-water-jumping performance held the significant positive relationship to EO (β = 0.31; p ≤ 0.05), ED (β = 0.33; p ≤ 0.05), and AD (β = 0.37; p ≤ 0.05). Strength and conditioning professionals working in WP should be aware of established importance of SCC in performing unique duties in WP. The SCC should be specifically developed to meet the needs of offensive and defensive performance in young WP athletes.
特定条件能力（SCC）在水球运动中普遍被认为很重要，但它与进攻和防守表现的独立关联尚不清楚。本研究旨在确定水球运动中的进攻和防守能力是否与SCC及人体测量学指标独立相关。研究对象为82名高水平青年男子水球运动员（均为17 - 19岁；身高186.3±6.07厘米；体重84.8±9.6千克）。自变量为身高和体重，以及5项特定于该运动的体能测试：15米快速游泳；4×50米无氧耐力测试；水中垂直跳跃；使用打蛋器踢腿在直立游泳时的最大强度等长力量测试；以及投掷速度测试。6个因变量包括防守和进攻表现的参数，如多面性，即在防守任务（PD）和进攻任务（PO）中在不同位置发挥作用的能力、在防守（ED）和进攻（EO）任务中主要比赛位置的效能，以及防守（AD）和进攻（AO）任务中的敏捷性。分析表明自变量（组内系数为0.82 - 0.91）和因变量（克朗巴哈系数为0.81 - 0.95）具有适当的可靠性。多元回归对ED（R = 0.25；p < 0.01）、EO（R = 0.21；p < 0.01）、AD（R = 0.40；p < 0.01）和AO（R = 0.35；p < 0.01）均具有显著性。无氧游泳表现与AD呈正相关（β = -0.26；p≤0.05），而高级快速游泳与更好的AO相关（β = -0.38；p≤0.05）。水中跳跃表现与EO（β = 0.31；p≤0.05）、ED（β = 0.33；p≤0.05）和AD（β = 0.37；p≤0.05）呈显著正相关。从事水球运动的力量和体能训练专业人员应意识到SCC在水球运动中履行独特职责方面已确立的重要性。应专门发展SCC以满足年轻水球运动员进攻和防守表现的需求。
