1Faculty of Sport, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain; and 2Center for Exercise and Sport Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Apr;28(4):1007-14. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000240.
We examined the effects of 18 weeks of strength and high-intensity training on key sport performance measures of elite male water polo (WP) players. Twenty-seven players were randomly assigned to 2 groups, control (in-water training only) and strength group, (strength training sessions [twice per week] + in-water training). In-water training was conducted 5 d·wk. Twenty-meter maximal sprint swim, maximal dynamic strength 1-repetition maximum (1RM) for upper bench press (BP) and lower full squat (FS) body, countermovement jump (CMJ), and throwing velocity were measured before and after the training. The training program included upper and lower body strength and high-intensity exercises (BP, FS, military press, pull-ups, CMJ loaded, and abs). Baseline-training results showed no significant differences between the groups in any of the variables tested. No improvement was found in the control group; however, meaningful improvement was found in all variables in the experimental group: CMJ (2.38 cm, 6.9%, effect size [ES] = 0.48), BP (9.06 kg, 10.53%, ES = 0.66), FS (11.06 kg, 14.21%, ES = 0.67), throwing velocity (1.76 km·h(-1), 2.76%, ES = 0.25), and 20-m maximal sprint swim (-0.26 seconds, 2.25%, ES = 0.29). Specific strength and high-intensity training in male WP players for 18 weeks produced a positive effect on performance qualities highly specific to WP. Therefore, we propose modifications to the current training methodology for WP players to include strength and high-intensity training for athlete preparation in this sport.
我们研究了 18 周的力量和高强度训练对优秀男性水球（WP）运动员关键运动表现指标的影响。27 名运动员被随机分配到 2 组，对照组（仅水中训练）和力量组（力量训练[每周 2 次] + 水中训练）。水中训练每周进行 5 天。20 米最大冲刺游泳、上卧推（BP）和下全深蹲（FS）身体的最大动态强度 1 次重复最大值（1RM）、反跳（CMJ）和投掷速度在训练前后进行测量。训练计划包括上下身力量和高强度练习（BP、FS、军事按压、引体向上、CMJ 加载和腹肌）。基线训练结果显示，两组在任何测试变量上均无显著差异。对照组没有发现改善；然而，实验组的所有变量都有显著改善：CMJ（2.38 厘米，6.9%，效应大小[ES] = 0.48）、BP（9.06 公斤，10.53%，ES = 0.66）、FS（11.06 公斤，14.21%，ES = 0.67）、投掷速度（1.76 公里/小时，2.76%，ES = 0.25）和 20 米最大冲刺游泳（-0.26 秒，2.25%，ES = 0.29）。18 周的男性 WP 运动员特定的力量和高强度训练对 WP 高度特有的表现质量产生了积极影响。因此，我们建议对 WP 运动员目前的训练方法进行修改，包括力量和高强度训练，以准备这项运动。
