Ligeza Tomasz S, Wyczesany Miroslaw, Tymorek Agnieszka D, Kamiński Maciej
Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30060, Kraków, Poland.
Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30387, Kraków, Poland.
Brain Topogr. 2016 Mar;29(2):253-61. doi: 10.1007/s10548-015-0454-2. Epub 2015 Oct 6.
Reappraisal is an emotion regulation strategy used to change reactions to emotion-related stimuli by reinterpreting their meaning. During down-regulation of negative emotions, wide areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) inhibit emotion-related brain areas such as the amygdala. Little is known, however, about how this control activity influences the earliest stages of affective responses by modulating perceptual and attentional areas. The aim of this study is to identify the connectivity patterns between the PFC and the core regions of two well-known attentional networks: the dorsal attentional network (which controls attention volitionally) and the ventral attentional network (which controls attention spontaneously) during reappraisal. We used a novel method to study emotional control processes: the directed transfer function, an autoregressive effective connectivity method based on Granger causality. It was applied to EEG recordings to quantify the direction and intensity of information flow during passively watching (control condition) or reappraising (experimental condition) negative film clips. Reappraisal was mostly associated with increased top-down influences from the right dorsolateral PFC over attentional and perceptual areas, reaching areas including dorsal attentional regions. The left dorsolateral PFC was associated with the activation of the ventral attentional network. Passively watching clips (control condition) resulted in increased flow from attentional areas to the left dorsolateral PFC, what is interpreted as a monitoring process. Thus, reappraisal seems to be related to both volitional and automatic control of attention, triggered by the right and left dorsolateral PFC respectively.
重新评价是一种情绪调节策略，通过重新解释与情绪相关刺激的意义来改变对这些刺激的反应。在消极情绪的下调过程中，前额叶皮质（PFC）的广泛区域会抑制与情绪相关的脑区，如杏仁核。然而，关于这种控制活动如何通过调节感知和注意区域来影响情感反应的最早阶段，我们知之甚少。本研究的目的是确定在重新评价过程中，PFC与两个著名注意网络的核心区域之间的连接模式：背侧注意网络（它主动控制注意力）和腹侧注意网络（它自动控制注意力）。我们使用了一种新颖的方法来研究情绪控制过程：定向传递函数，一种基于格兰杰因果关系的自回归有效连接方法。它被应用于脑电图记录，以量化在被动观看（对照条件）或重新评价（实验条件）负面电影片段期间信息流的方向和强度。重新评价主要与右侧背外侧PFC对注意和感知区域自上而下影响的增加有关，影响区域包括背侧注意区域。左侧背外侧PFC与腹侧注意网络的激活有关。被动观看片段（对照条件）导致从注意区域到左侧背外侧PFC的信息流增加，这被解释为一个监测过程。因此，重新评价似乎分别与由右侧和左侧背外侧PFC触发的注意的主动和自动控制有关。
