Viviani Roberto
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm Ulm, Germany ; Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Nov 7;7:746. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00746.
automatic bottom-up processes (triggered by emotionally arousing stimuli) and top-down control processes (mapped to prefrontal cortical areas). Data on the existence of a third attentional network operating without recourse to limited-capacity processes but influencing response raise the issue of how it is integrated in emotion regulation. We summarize here data from attention to emotion, voluntary emotion regulation, and on the origin of biases against negative content suggesting that the ventral network is modulated by exposure to emotional stimuli when the task does not constrain the handling of emotional content. In the parietal lobes, preferential activation of ventral areas associated with "bottom-up" attention by ventral network theorists is strongest in studies of cognitive reappraisal. In conditions when no explicit instruction is given to change one's response to emotional stimuli, control of emotionally arousing stimuli is observed without concomitant activation of the dorsal attentional network, replaced by a shift of activation toward ventral areas. In contrast, in studies where emotional stimuli are placed in the role of distracter, the observed deactivation of these ventral semantic association areas is consistent with the existence of proactive control on the role emotional representations are allowed to take in generating response. It is here argued that attentional orienting mechanisms located in the ventral network constitute an intermediate kind of process, with features only partially in common with effortful and automatic processes, which plays an important role in handling emotion by conveying the influence of semantic networks, with which the ventral network is co-localized. Current neuroimaging work in emotion regulation has neglected this system by focusing on a bottom-up/top-down dichotomy of attentional control.
自动的自下而上的过程（由情绪唤起刺激触发）和自上而下的控制过程（映射到前额叶皮层区域）。关于存在第三个注意力网络的数据表明，该网络在不依赖有限容量过程的情况下运行但会影响反应，这就提出了它如何整合到情绪调节中的问题。我们在此总结了来自对情绪的注意力、自愿情绪调节以及对负面内容偏见起源的数据，表明当任务不限制对情绪内容的处理时，腹侧网络会受到情绪刺激暴露的调节。在顶叶中，腹侧网络理论家认为与“自下而上”注意力相关的腹侧区域的优先激活在认知重评研究中最为强烈。在没有明确指令改变对情绪刺激的反应的情况下，可以观察到对情绪唤起刺激的控制，而背侧注意力网络没有伴随激活，取而代之的是激活向腹侧区域的转移。相反在将情绪刺激置于干扰物角色的研究中，观察到这些腹侧语义关联区域的失活与对情绪表征在产生反应中所起作用的主动控制一致。这里认为位于腹侧网络中的注意力定向机制构成了一种中间类型的过程，其特征仅部分与努力和自动过程相同，它通过传达与腹侧网络共定位的语义网络的影响在情绪处理中发挥重要作用。当前情绪调节方面的神经成像研究通过关注注意力控制的自下而上/自上而下二分法而忽略了这个系统。
