Kimchi Ruth, Yeshurun Yaffa, Spehar Branka, Pirkner Yossef
Department of Psychology and Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
Department of Psychology and Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
Vision Res. 2016 Sep;126:34-51. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2015.07.008. Epub 2015 Oct 23.
We have previously demonstrated that the mere organization of some elements in the visual field into an object attracts attention automatically. Here, we explored three different aspects of this automatic attentional capture: (a) Does the attentional capture by an object involve a spatial component? (b) Which Gestalt organization factors suffice for an object to capture attention? (c) Does the strength of organization affect the object's ability to capture attention? Participants viewed multi-elements displays and either identified the color of one element or responded to a Vernier target. On some trials, a subset of the elements grouped by Gestalt factors into an object that was irrelevant to the task and not predictive of the target. An object effect - faster performance for targets within the object than for targets outside the object - was found even when the target appeared after the object offset, and was sensitive to target-object distance, suggesting that the capture of attention by an object is accompanied by a deployment of attention to the object location. Object effects of similar magnitude were found for objects grouped by a combination of factors (collinearity, closure, and symmetry, or closure and symmetry) or by a single factor when it was collinearity, but not symmetry, suggesting that collinearity, or closure combined with symmetry, suffices for automatic capture of attention by an object, but symmetry does not. Finally, the strength of grouping in modal completion, manipulated by varying contrast polarity between and within elements, affected the effectiveness of the attentional capture by the induced object.
我们之前已经证明，仅仅将视野中的某些元素组织成一个物体就会自动吸引注意力。在此，我们探讨了这种自动注意力捕获的三个不同方面：(a) 物体引起的注意力捕获是否涉及空间成分？(b) 哪些格式塔组织因素足以使一个物体捕获注意力？(c) 组织的强度是否会影响物体捕获注意力的能力？参与者观看多元素显示，并识别其中一个元素的颜色或对一个游标目标做出反应。在一些试验中，一部分元素根据格式塔因素组合成一个与任务无关且不能预测目标的物体。即使目标在物体消失后出现，也发现了一种物体效应——物体内的目标比物体外的目标表现得更快——并且该效应对目标与物体的距离敏感，这表明物体引起的注意力捕获伴随着注意力向物体位置的部署。对于通过多种因素（共线性、封闭性和对称性，或封闭性和对称性）组合分组的物体，或者当单一因素是共线性而非对称性时分组的物体，发现了类似程度的物体效应，这表明共线性，或封闭性与对称性相结合，足以使物体自动捕获注意力，但对称性则不然。最后，通过改变元素之间和元素内部的对比度极性来操纵模态完成中的分组强度，会影响诱导物体捕获注意力的有效性。
