Smolowitz R M, Miosky D, Reinisch C L
J Invertebr Pathol. 1989 Jan;53(1):41-51. doi: 10.1016/0022-2011(89)90072-4.
A leukemic disease of the soft shell clam, Mya arenaria, has been identified along the east coast of the United States since 1977. This disease, first called hematopoietic neoplasia, is characterized by circulating tumor cells which are found in the hemolymph even before significant tissue invasion or localization of the cells can be demonstrated. The ontogeny of the leukemic cells, however, has not been resolved and remains an area of controversy. Monoclonal antibodies (Mab) developed by our laboratory were screened for specificity against the leukemic cell and normal hemocytes using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The method demonstrated that a new Mab "4A9" reacted both with leukemic cells and with a small subpopulation of normal circulating hemocytes (NSC). Mab 4A9 not only stained leukemic cells and NSC in peripheral hemolymph, but, more importantly, reacted specifically with another cell, the "connective tissue cell" (CTC) in clams with leukemia. The data presented in this paper show that Mab 4A9 stains a subset of normal circulating cells, leukemic cells, and the CTCs. These data lead to the hypothesis that the CTC may be the cell of origin for not only the NSC (a normal hemocyte) but also for the leukemic cell.
自1977年以来，在美国东海岸已确认一种软壳蛤（砂海螂）的白血病。这种疾病最初被称为造血组织瘤，其特征是循环肿瘤细胞，甚至在细胞发生明显组织侵袭或定位之前就能在血淋巴中发现这些细胞。然而，白血病细胞的个体发生尚未明确，仍然是一个有争议的领域。我们实验室开发的单克隆抗体（Mab），采用间接免疫过氧化物酶技术筛选其对白血病细胞和正常血细胞的特异性。该方法表明，一种新的单克隆抗体“4A9”既能与白血病细胞反应，也能与一小部分正常循环血细胞（NSC）反应。Mab 4A9不仅能对外周血淋巴中的白血病细胞和NSC染色，更重要的是，它能与患有白血病的蛤中的另一种细胞“结缔组织细胞”（CTC）发生特异性反应。本文提供的数据表明，Mab 4A9能对正常循环细胞、白血病细胞和CTC的一个亚群进行染色。这些数据引出了一个假说，即CTC可能不仅是NSC（一种正常血细胞）的起源细胞，也是白血病细胞的起源细胞。
