Zanin Francisca Helena Calheiros, da Silva Camilo Adalton Mariano, Bonomo Élido, Teixeira Romero Alves, Pereira Cíntia Aparecida de Jesus, dos Santos Karina Benatti, Fausto Maria Arlene, Negrão-Correa Deborah Aparecida, Lamounier Joel Alves, Carneiro Mariângela
Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
Departamento de Nutrição Clínica e Social, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, MG, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2015 Oct 7;10(10):e0139555. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139555. eCollection 2015.
Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common nutritional disorders worldwide. The aim was to identify the prevalence and incidence of anemia in children and to identify predictors of this condition, including intestinal parasites, social, nutritional and environmental factors, and comorbidities. A population-based cohort study was conducted in a sample of 414 children aged 6-71 months living in Novo Cruzeiro in the Minas Gerais State. Data were collected in 2008 and 2009 by interview and included socio-economic and demographic information about the children and their families. Blood samples were collected for testing of hemoglobin, ferritin and C-reactive protein. Anthropometric measurements and parasitological analyses of fecal samples were performed. To identify risk factors associated with anemia multivariate analyses were performed using the generalized estimating equations (GEE). In 2008 and 2009, respectively, the prevalence rates of anemia were 35.9% (95%CI 31.2-40.8) and 9.8% (95%CI 7.2-12.9), the prevalence rates of iron deficiency were 18.4% (95%CI 14.7-22.6) and 21.8% (95%CI 17.8-26.2), and the incidence rates of anemia and iron deficiency were 3.2% and 21.8%. The following risk factors associated with anemia were: iron deficiency (OR = 3.2; 95%CI 2.0-.5.3), parasitic infections (OR = 1.9; 95%CI 1.2-2.8), being of risk of or being a low length/height-for-age (OR = 2.1; 95%CI 1.4-3.2), and lower retinol intake (OR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.1-2.7), adjusted over time. Nutritional factors, parasitic infections and chronic malnutrition were identified as risk factors for anemia. These factors can be verified in a chronic process and have been classically described as risk factors for these conditions.
缺铁性贫血是全球最常见的营养失调症之一。本研究旨在确定儿童贫血的患病率和发病率，并确定该病症的预测因素，包括肠道寄生虫、社会、营养和环境因素以及合并症。在米纳斯吉拉斯州新克鲁塞罗市对414名年龄在6至71个月的儿童进行了一项基于人群的队列研究。2008年和2009年通过访谈收集数据，包括有关儿童及其家庭的社会经济和人口信息。采集血样检测血红蛋白、铁蛋白和C反应蛋白。进行人体测量和粪便样本的寄生虫学分析。为了确定与贫血相关的风险因素，使用广义估计方程（GEE）进行多变量分析。2008年和2009年，贫血患病率分别为35.9%（95%置信区间31.2 - 40.8）和9.8%（95%置信区间7.2 - 12.9），缺铁患病率分别为18.4%（95%置信区间14.7 - 22.6）和21.8%（95%置信区间17.8 - 26.2），贫血和缺铁的发病率分别为3.2%和21.8%。与贫血相关的以下风险因素为：缺铁（比值比 = 3.2；95%置信区间2.0 - 5.3）、寄生虫感染（比值比 = 1.9；95%置信区间1.2 - 2.8）、年龄别身长/身高处于风险或偏低（比值比 = 2.1；95%置信区间1.4 - 3.2）以及视黄醇摄入量较低（比值比 = 1.7；95%置信区间1.1 - 2.7），随时间调整。营养因素、寄生虫感染和慢性营养不良被确定为贫血的风险因素。这些因素可在慢性过程中得到验证，并且一直被经典地描述为这些病症的风险因素。
