Hampson Sarah E, Andrews Judy A, Barckley Maureen, Gerrard Meg, Gibbons Frederick X
Oregon Research Institute.
University of Connecticut.
Pers Individ Dif. 2016 Jan 1;88:120-124. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.052.
We modeled the effects of harsh environments in childhood on adjustment in early emerging adulthood, through parenting style and the development of fast Life History Strategies (LHS; risky beliefs and behaviors) in adolescence. Participants were from the Oregon Youth Substance Use Project (N = 988; 85.7% White). Five cohorts of children in Grades 1-5 at recruitment were assessed through one-year post high school. Greater environmental harshness (neighborhood quality and family poverty) in Grades 1-6 predicted less parental investment at Grade 8. This parenting style was related to the development of fast LHS (favorable beliefs about substance users and willingness to use substances at Grade 9, and engagement in substance use and risky sexual behavior assessed across Grades 10-12). The indirect path from harsh environment through parenting and LHS to (less) psychological adjustment (indicated by lower life satisfaction, self-rated health, trait sociability, and higher depression) was significant (indirect effect -.024, = .011, 95% CI = -.043, -.006.). This chain of development was comparable to that found by Gibbons et al. (2012) for an African-American sample that, unlike the present study, included perceived racial discrimination in the assessment of harsh environment.
我们通过养育方式以及青少年期快速生命史策略（LHS；冒险信念和行为）的发展，模拟了童年时期恶劣环境对青少年早期适应的影响。参与者来自俄勒冈青少年物质使用项目（N = 988；85.7%为白人）。对招募时处于1 - 5年级的五组儿童进行了高中毕业后一年的评估。1 - 6年级时环境恶劣程度越高（邻里质量和家庭贫困状况），预示着8年级时父母投入越少。这种养育方式与快速生命史策略的发展相关（对9年级时物质使用者的有利信念和使用物质的意愿，以及10 - 12年级期间的物质使用和危险性行为）。从恶劣环境经养育方式和生命史策略到（较少的）心理调适（以较低的生活满意度、自评健康状况、特质社交性以及较高的抑郁水平为指标）的间接路径是显著的（间接效应 - 0.024，p = 0.011，95%置信区间 = - 0.043，- 0.006）。这一发展链条与吉本斯等人（2012年）对非裔美国人样本的研究结果类似，与本研究不同的是，该研究在恶劣环境评估中纳入了感知到的种族歧视。
