Kushnir Vladyslav, Godinho Alexandra, Hodgins David C, Hendershot Christian S, Cunningham John A
Department of Social and Epidemiological Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell St., Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
J Gambl Stud. 2016 Sep;32(3):969-83. doi: 10.1007/s10899-015-9574-6.
Considerable gender differences have been previously noted in the prevalence, etiology, and clinical features of problem gambling. While differences in affective states between men and women in particular, may explain differential experiences in the process of gambling, the role of affect in motivations for quitting gambling and recovery has not been thoroughly explored. The aim of this study was to examine gender differences within a sample of problem gamblers motivated to quit with or without formal treatment, and further, to explore the interactions between gender, shame and guilt-proneness, and autonomous versus controlled reasons for change. Motivation for change and self-conscious emotional traits were analyzed for 207 adult problem gamblers with an interest in quitting or reducing their gambling (96.6 % not receiving treatment). Overall, gender differences were not observed in clinical and demographic characteristics. However, women exhibited greater shame [F(1,204) = 12.11, p = 0.001] and guilt proneness [F(1,204) = 14.16, p < 0.001] compared to men, whereas men scored higher on trait detachment [F(1,204) = 7.08, p = 0.008]. Controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, general linear models revealed that autonomous motivation for change was associated with higher guilt-proneness, greater problem gambling severity, and the preparation stage of change; whereas controlled forms of motivation were significantly associated with higher shame-proneness and greater problem gambling severity. No gender effects were observed for either motivation for change. These findings suggest that the process of change can be different for shame-prone and guilt-prone problem gamblers, which may impact behavioral outcomes.
先前已注意到，在问题赌博的患病率、病因和临床特征方面存在显著的性别差异。虽然男性和女性在情感状态上的差异，特别是在赌博过程中可能解释了不同的经历，但情感在戒赌和康复动机中的作用尚未得到充分探讨。本研究的目的是检验有或没有接受正规治疗的有戒赌动机的问题赌徒样本中的性别差异，并进一步探讨性别、羞耻感和内疚倾向以及自主与受控改变原因之间的相互作用。对207名有戒赌或减少赌博意愿的成年问题赌徒（96.6%未接受治疗）的改变动机和自我意识情绪特质进行了分析。总体而言，在临床和人口统计学特征方面未观察到性别差异。然而，与男性相比，女性表现出更大的羞耻感[F(1,204)=12.11，p=0.001]和内疚倾向[F(1,204)=14.16，p<0.001]，而男性在特质超脱方面得分更高[F(1,204)=7.08，p=0.008]。在控制人口统计学和临床特征后，一般线性模型显示，自主改变动机与更高的内疚倾向、更严重的问题赌博以及改变的准备阶段相关；而受控形式的动机与更高的羞耻倾向和更严重的问题赌博显著相关。在改变动机方面均未观察到性别效应。这些发现表明，容易感到羞耻和内疚的问题赌徒的改变过程可能不同，这可能会影响行为结果。
