Areco Vanessa, Rivoira María Angélica, Rodriguez Valeria, Marchionatti Ana María, Carpentieri Agata, Tolosa de Talamoni Nori
1Laboratorio 'Dr. Cañas',Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas,INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba),Córdoba,Argentina.
2Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología,INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba),Córdoba,Argentina.
Nutr Res Rev. 2015 Dec;28(2):83-99. doi: 10.1017/S0954422415000050. Epub 2015 Oct 15.
The intestine is the only gate for the entry of Ca to the body in humans and mammals. The entrance of Ca occurs via paracellular and intracellular pathways. All steps of the latter pathway are regulated by calcitriol and by other hormones. Dietary and pharmacological compounds also modulate the intestinal Ca absorption process. Among them, dietary Ca and P are known to alter the lipid and protein composition of the brush-border and basolateral membranes and, consequently, Ca transport. Ca intakes are below the requirements recommended by health professionals in most countries, triggering important health problems. Chronic low Ca intake has been related to illness conditions such as osteoporosis, hypertension, renal lithiasis and incidences of human cancer. Carbohydrates, mainly lactose, and prebiotics have been described as positive modulators of intestinal Ca absorption. Apparently, high meat proteins increase intestinal Ca absorption while the effect of dietary lipids remains unclear. Pharmacological compounds such as menadione, dl-butionine-S,R-sulfoximine and ursodeoxycholic acid also modify intestinal Ca absorption as a consequence of altering the redox state of the epithelial cells. The paracellular pathway of intestinal Ca absorption is poorly known and is under present study in some laboratories. Another field that needs to be explored more intensively is the influence of the gene × diet interaction on intestinal Ca absorption. Health professionals should be aware of this knowledge in order to develop nutritional or medical strategies to stimulate the efficiency of intestinal Ca absorption and to prevent diseases.
在人类和哺乳动物中，肠道是钙进入人体的唯一通道。钙通过细胞旁和细胞内途径进入。后一种途径的所有步骤都受骨化三醇和其他激素的调节。膳食和药物化合物也会调节肠道钙吸收过程。其中，膳食中的钙和磷已知会改变刷状缘和基底外侧膜的脂质和蛋白质组成，从而影响钙的转运。在大多数国家，钙摄入量低于健康专家推荐的需求量，引发了重要的健康问题。长期低钙摄入与骨质疏松症、高血压、肾结石和人类癌症发病率等疾病状况有关。碳水化合物，主要是乳糖，以及益生元已被描述为肠道钙吸收的正向调节剂。显然，高蛋白肉类会增加肠道钙吸收，而膳食脂质的影响尚不清楚。诸如甲萘醌、dl-丁硫氨酸-S，R-亚砜亚胺和熊去氧胆酸等药物化合物也会由于改变上皮细胞的氧化还原状态而改变肠道钙吸收。肠道钙吸收的细胞旁途径了解较少，目前一些实验室正在对此进行研究。另一个需要更深入探索的领域是基因×饮食相互作用对肠道钙吸收的影响。健康专家应该了解这些知识，以便制定营养或医疗策略来提高肠道钙吸收效率并预防疾病。
