Chidawanyika Frank, Mudavanhu Pride, Nyamukondiwa Casper
Global Change and Sustainability Research Institute, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
Insects. 2012 Nov 9;3(4):1171-89. doi: 10.3390/insects3041171.
The current changes in global climatic regimes present a significant societal challenge, affecting in all likelihood insect physiology, biochemistry, biogeography and population dynamics. With the increasing resistance of many insect pest species to chemical insecticides and an increasing organic food market, pest control strategies are slowly shifting towards more sustainable, ecologically sound and economically viable options. Biologically based pest management strategies present such opportunities through predation or parasitism of pests and plant direct or indirect defense mechanisms that can all be important components of sustainable integrated pest management programs. Inevitably, the efficacy of biological control systems is highly dependent on natural enemy-prey interactions, which will likely be modified by changing climates. Therefore, knowledge of how insect pests and their natural enemies respond to climate variation is of fundamental importance in understanding biological insect pest management under global climate change. Here, we discuss biological control, its challenges under climate change scenarios and how increased global temperatures will require adaptive management strategies to cope with changing status of insects and their natural enemies.
当前全球气候状况的变化带来了重大的社会挑战，极有可能影响昆虫的生理学、生物化学、生物地理学和种群动态。随着许多害虫种类对化学杀虫剂的抗性增强以及有机食品市场的扩大，害虫控制策略正逐渐转向更可持续、生态合理且经济可行的选择。基于生物学的害虫管理策略通过捕食或寄生害虫以及植物的直接或间接防御机制提供了这样的机会，这些都可以成为可持续综合害虫管理计划的重要组成部分。不可避免地，生物控制系统的功效高度依赖于天敌与猎物之间的相互作用，而这种相互作用很可能会因气候变化而改变。因此，了解害虫及其天敌如何应对气候变化对于理解全球气候变化下的生物害虫管理至关重要。在此，我们讨论生物防治、其在气候变化情景下所面临的挑战，以及全球气温升高将如何需要适应性管理策略来应对昆虫及其天敌不断变化的状况。
