Hendry Andrew P, Kinnison Michael T, Heino Mikko, Day Troy, Smith Thomas B, Fitt Gary, Bergstrom Carl T, Oakeshott John, Jørgensen Peter S, Zalucki Myron P, Gilchrist George, Southerton Simon, Sih Andrew, Strauss Sharon, Denison Robert F, Carroll Scott P
Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada.
School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine Orono, ME, USA.
Evol Appl. 2011 Mar;4(2):159-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00165.x.
Evolutionary principles are now routinely incorporated into medicine and agriculture. Examples include the design of treatments that slow the evolution of resistance by weeds, pests, and pathogens, and the design of breeding programs that maximize crop yield or quality. Evolutionary principles are also increasingly incorporated into conservation biology, natural resource management, and environmental science. Examples include the protection of small and isolated populations from inbreeding depression, the identification of key traits involved in adaptation to climate change, the design of harvesting regimes that minimize unwanted life-history evolution, and the setting of conservation priorities based on populations, species, or communities that harbor the greatest evolutionary diversity and potential. The adoption of evolutionary principles has proceeded somewhat independently in these different fields, even though the underlying fundamental concepts are the same. We explore these fundamental concepts under four main themes: variation, selection, connectivity, and eco-evolutionary dynamics. Within each theme, we present several key evolutionary principles and illustrate their use in addressing applied problems. We hope that the resulting primer of evolutionary concepts and their practical utility helps to advance a unified multidisciplinary field of applied evolutionary biology.
进化原理如今已被常规地应用于医学和农业领域。例如，设计能减缓杂草、害虫和病原体抗性进化的治疗方法，以及设计能使作物产量或品质最大化的育种计划。进化原理也越来越多地被纳入保护生物学、自然资源管理和环境科学中。例如，保护小型孤立种群免受近亲繁殖衰退的影响，识别与适应气候变化相关的关键性状，设计能将不良生活史进化降至最低的捕捞制度，以及根据具有最大进化多样性和潜力的种群、物种或群落来确定保护优先级。尽管基础的基本概念相同，但进化原理在这些不同领域的应用在一定程度上是独立进行的。我们在四个主要主题下探讨这些基本概念：变异、选择、连通性和生态进化动力学。在每个主题中，我们介绍几个关键的进化原理，并说明它们在解决实际问题中的应用。我们希望由此产生的进化概念入门及其实际效用有助于推动一个统一的多学科应用进化生物学领域的发展。
