a Biomedical Research Center , Qatar University , Doha , Qatar.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017 Sep 2;57(13):2924-2933. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1084993.
Toxoplasmosis is the most widespread infection worldwide. It occurs within congenital contamination, organ transplant or immune system depression. Primary infection is mainly foodborne with the ingestion of raw or undercooked meat, unwashed fruit-vegetables, unhygienic water or contaminated milk. Gaps in current knowledge about the risk assessment of Toxoplasma gondii by milk consumption are noted. Contradictory data are observed within risk assessment of milk consumption and toxoplasmosis occurrence. While some papers reported positive correlations between drinking milk and infection transmission to human, other studies stated nonsignificant influence of milk or milk products consumption. New debate about the detection of the parasite in the milk matrix from different hosts raised interrogations. To figure out the real contribution and the potential correlations of milkborne way in toxoplasmic infection, meta-analysis approach was investigated. Overall analysis showed heterogeneous responses and led to state that statistically dairy matrix (other than milk), Bovidae products, agricultural population and countries in Africa, Europe and Southeast Asia are not linked to milkborne toxoplasmosis. The most involved factors are Capridae products, immune-depressed population and North America, Middle East, and Latin territories. The current work advanced those parameters that could affect the public health and should be envisioned in further epidemiological analysis.
弓形虫病是全球最广泛传播的感染。它发生在先天性感染、器官移植或免疫系统抑制的情况下。原发性感染主要通过食用生的或未煮熟的肉类、未清洗的水果-蔬菜、不卫生的水或受污染的牛奶而发生。目前人们对牛奶消费导致弓形体病风险评估的认识存在空白。在牛奶消费和弓形虫病发生的风险评估中，观察到相互矛盾的数据。虽然一些论文报告了饮用牛奶与人类感染传播之间的正相关关系，但其他研究表明，牛奶或奶制品的消费没有显著影响。关于从不同宿主的牛奶基质中检测寄生虫的新争论引起了质疑。为了查明乳源性传播在弓形虫感染中的实际贡献和潜在相关性，我们采用了荟萃分析方法。综合分析显示出异质性反应，并表明从统计学上讲，乳源性（除了牛奶）、牛科产品、农业人口以及非洲、欧洲和东南亚国家与乳源性弓形虫病无关。最相关的因素是山羊科产品、免疫抑制人群和北美、中东和拉丁美洲地区。目前的研究提出了可能影响公众健康的参数，并应在进一步的流行病学分析中加以考虑。
