Guoping Zhan, Lili Ren, Ying Shao, Qiaoling Wang, Daojian Yu, Yuejin Wang, Tianxiu Li
Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China.
J Econ Entomol. 2015 Feb;108(1):88-94. doi: 10.1093/jee/tou013. Epub 2015 Jan 21.
The fruit fly Bactrocera tau (Walker) is an important quarantine pest that damages fruits and vegetables throughout Asian regions. Host commodities shipped from infested areas should undergo phytosanitary measures to reduce the risk of shipping viable flies. The dose-response tests with 1-d-old eggs and 3-, 5-, 7-, 8-d-old larvae were initiated to determine the most resistant stages in fruits, and the minimum dose for 99.9968% prevention of adult eclosion at 95% confidence level was validated in the confirmatory tests. The results showed that 1) the pupariation rate was not affected by gamma radiation except for eggs and first instars, while the percent of eclosion was reduced significantly in all instars at all radiation dose; 2) the tolerance to radiation increased with increasing age and developmental stage; 3) the estimated dose to 99.9968% preventing adult eclosion from late third instars was 70.9 Gy (95% CL: 65.6-78.2, probit model) and 71.8 Gy (95% CL: 63.0-87.3, logit model); and iv) in total, 107,135 late third instars cage infested in pumpkin fruits were irradiated at the target dose of 70 Gy (62.5-85.0, Gy measured), which resulted in no adult emergence in the two confirmatory tests. Therefore, a minimum dose of 85 and 72 Gy, which could prevent adult emergence at the efficacy of 99.9972 and 99.9938% at the 95% confidence level, respectively, can be recommended as a minimum dose for phytosanitary treatment of B. tau in any host fruits and vegetables under ambient atmospheres.
南亚果实蝇（Walker）是一种重要的检疫性害虫，在亚洲各地对水果和蔬菜造成损害。从疫区运输的寄主商品应采取植物检疫措施，以降低运输活蝇的风险。开展了对1日龄卵以及3日龄、5日龄、7日龄、8日龄幼虫的剂量反应试验，以确定果实中最具抗性的阶段，并在验证试验中验证了在95%置信水平下防止成虫羽化率达到99.9968%的最小剂量。结果表明：1）除卵和一龄幼虫外，蛹化率不受γ辐射影响，而在所有辐射剂量下，各龄期的羽化率均显著降低；2）对辐射的耐受性随年龄和发育阶段的增加而提高；3）估计使三龄后期幼虫成虫羽化率降低99.9968%的剂量为70.9 Gy（95%置信区间：65.6 - 78.2，概率模型）和71.8 Gy（95%置信区间：63.0 - 87.3，对数模型）；4）总共对107,135头南瓜果实中饲养的三龄后期幼虫进行了70 Gy（测量值62.5 - 85.0 Gy）的目标剂量辐照，在两次验证试验中均未出现成虫羽化。因此，分别以95%置信水平下99.9972%和99.9938%的防治效果防止成虫羽化的85 Gy和72 Gy最小剂量，可推荐为在环境大气条件下对任何寄主水果和蔬菜进行南亚果实蝇植物检疫处理的最小剂量。
