Yokoyama Victoria Y, Cambron Sue E, Muhareb Jeannette
USDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648. Corresponding author, e-mail:
USDA-ARS, Crop Production and Pest Control Research, 901 West State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907.
J Econ Entomol. 2015 Feb;108(1):100-6. doi: 10.1093/jee/tou032. Epub 2015 Jan 24.
Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), puparial mortality was evaluated in three modern hay compressors that produce compressed standard and large-size bales for export to Asia-Pacific countries. Pressure on bales ranged from 93.4 to 139.4 kg/cm2, causing 90.0-99.9% mortality of 10,891-23,164 puparia. Puparial response to a cylinderized hydrogen phosphide (1.8-2%) and carbon dioxide (97.8-98%) gas mixture was evaluated as a potential quarantine treatment using 2-4 d-exposures to low, medium, and high doses of 0.73-0.86, 1.05-1.26, and 1.39-1.56 mg/liter, and temperatures of 5.87±1.14, 9.84±0.05, 16.14±0.14, and 20.35±0.11°C. Accumulative concentration multiplied by time products (mg h/liter) at all fumigation temperatures for low, medium, and high fumigant doses were 34.9-37.7, 52.2-54.3, and 67.9-73.1 for 2 d; 52.7-60.6, 77.9-89.2, and 102.1-110.7 for 3 d; and 69.9-82.0, 99.4-118.2, and 132.3-146.8 for 4 d, respectively. An increase in mortality was significantly related to an increase in fumigation duration at 5, 10, and 15°C, and an increase in fumigant dose at 10 and 15°C. Puparial mortality ranged from 97.2 to 100% at all doses and durations at 20°C with no survivors at the highest dose for 3 d and the mid- and highest dose for 4 d. Bale compression is currently used in the first phase of a multiple quarantine treatment to control potential Hessian fly contaminants in exported hay. The novel fumigant may have application as a single quarantine treatment for noncompressed, standard exported bales.
对黑森瘿蚊（Mayetiola destructor (Say)）蛹的死亡率进行了评估，评估是在三台现代干草压缩机中进行的，这些压缩机生产压缩标准尺寸和大尺寸草捆，用于出口到亚太国家。草捆上的压力范围为93.4至139.4千克/平方厘米，导致10891至23164个蛹的死亡率为90.0 - 99.9%。评估了圆筒状磷化氢（1.8 - 2%）和二氧化碳（97.8 - 98%）气体混合物对蛹的作用，将其作为一种潜在的检疫处理方法，采用2 - 4天的暴露时间，设置低、中、高剂量分别为0.73 - 0.86、1.05 - 1.26和1.39 - 1.56毫克/升，温度分别为5.87±1.14、9.84±0.05、16.14±0.14和20.35±0.11°C。在所有熏蒸温度下，低、中、高熏蒸剂量的累积浓度乘以时间的乘积（毫克·小时/升），2天分别为34.9 - 37.7、52.2 - 54.3和67.9 - 73.1；3天分别为52.7 - 60.6、77.9 - 89.2和102.1 - 110.7；4天分别为69.9 - 82.0、99.4 - 118.2和132.3 - 146.8。在5、10和15°C时，死亡率的增加与熏蒸持续时间的增加显著相关，在10和15°C时，死亡率的增加与熏蒸剂剂量的增加显著相关。在20°C时，所有剂量和持续时间下蛹的死亡率范围为97.2%至100%，在最高剂量3天以及中、高剂量4天时无存活个体。草捆压缩目前用于多重检疫处理的第一阶段，以控制出口干草中潜在的黑森瘿蚊污染物。这种新型熏蒸剂可能作为未压缩的标准出口草捆的单一检疫处理方法应用。
