Fulop T, Dupuis G, Baehl S, Le Page A, Bourgade K, Frost E, Witkowski J M, Pawelec G, Larbi A, Cunnane S
Biogerontology. 2016 Feb;17(1):147-57. doi: 10.1007/s10522-015-9615-7.
Aging is accompanied by many physiological changes including those in the immune system. These changes are designated as immunosenescence indicating that age induces a decrease in immune functions. However, since many years we know that some aspects are not decreasing but instead are increasing like the pro-inflammatory activity by the innate immune cells, especially by monocytes/macrophages. Recently it became evident that these cells may possess a sort of memory called trained memory sustained by epigenetic changes occurring long after even in the absence of the initiator aggressor. In this review we are reviewing evidences that such changes may occur in aging and describe the relationship between inflamm-aging and immunosenescence as an adaptation/remodelling process leading on one hand to increased inflammation and on the other to decreased immune response (immune-paralysis) mastered by the innate immune system. These changes may collectively induce a state of alertness which assure an immune response even if ultimately resulting in age-related deleterious inflammatory diseases.
衰老伴随着许多生理变化，包括免疫系统的变化。这些变化被称为免疫衰老，表明年龄会导致免疫功能下降。然而，多年来我们知道有些方面并非下降，而是上升，比如先天免疫细胞尤其是单核细胞/巨噬细胞的促炎活性。最近很明显的是，这些细胞可能拥有一种称为训练记忆的记忆，即使在没有初始攻击者的情况下，这种记忆也能由很久之后发生的表观遗传变化维持。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了衰老过程中可能发生此类变化的证据，并将炎症衰老和免疫衰老之间的关系描述为一种适应/重塑过程，一方面导致炎症增加，另一方面导致先天免疫系统控制的免疫反应降低（免疫麻痹）。这些变化可能共同引发一种警觉状态，即使最终导致与年龄相关的有害炎症性疾病，也能确保免疫反应。
