Department of Immunobiology and the Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Nat Immunol. 2018 Jan;19(1):10-19. doi: 10.1038/s41590-017-0006-x. Epub 2017 Dec 14.
Immunosenescence is a series of age-related changes that affect the immune system and, with time, lead to increased vulnerability to infectious diseases. This Review addresses recent developments in the understanding of age-related changes that affect key components of immunity, including the effect of aging on cells of the (mostly adaptive) immune system, on soluble molecules that guide the maintenance and function of the immune system and on lymphoid organs that coordinate both the maintenance of lymphocytes and the initiation of immune responses. I further address the effect of the metagenome and exposome as key modifiers of immune-system aging and discuss a conceptual framework in which age-related changes in immunity might also affect the basic rules by which the immune system operates.
免疫衰老（Immunosenescence）是一系列与年龄相关的变化，影响免疫系统，并随着时间的推移，导致易感染传染病。本综述讨论了近年来对影响免疫关键成分的与年龄相关变化的理解的最新进展，包括衰老对（主要是适应性）免疫系统细胞的影响、对指导免疫系统维持和功能的可溶性分子的影响，以及对协调淋巴细胞维持和免疫反应启动的淋巴器官的影响。我进一步探讨了宏基因组和暴露组作为免疫系统衰老的关键修饰因子的作用，并讨论了一个概念框架，其中免疫衰老相关变化也可能影响免疫系统运行的基本规则。
