Pereira B C, da Rocha A L, Pauli J R, Ropelle E R, de Souza C T, Cintra D E, Sant'Ana M R, da Silva A S R
Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Sport Sciences Course, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
Neuroscience. 2015 Dec 17;311:231-42. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.027. Epub 2015 Oct 19.
Low body weight gain and food intake are related to exhaustive training and overtraining; however, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these alterations remain unknown. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of running overtraining (OT) protocols performed downhill, uphill and without inclination on the inflammatory pathway in the mouse hypothalamus. The rodents were randomized into the control (C), overtrained by downhill running (OTR/down), overtrained by uphill running (OTR/up) and overtrained by running without inclination (OTR) groups. The body weights and food intake were recorded daily. The incremental load, exhaustive, rotarod and grip force tests were used to measure performance. At 36 h after the grip force test was performed at the end of OT protocols (i.e., week eight) and/or after a 2-week total recovery period (i.e., week 10), the hypothalamus and gastrocnemius were extracted for immunoblotting analysis. In addition, the serum was used to determine cytokine and leptin concentrations. From week 0 to week 8, the OTR/down group exhibited decreased body weight and food intake, and the OTR/up group increased their food intake. At week 10, the OTR/down group exhibited increased body weight, while the OTR group decreased their food intake. The OTR/down group exhibited increased IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, pSAPK/JNK and SOCS3 levels at week eight. The OTR/down, OTR/up and OTR groups exhibited increased IL-10 levels at week 10. The OTR/up group displayed increased pJAK2 levels at week eight. While the OTR/down group exhibited increased IL-1beta levels, the OTR/down and OTR/up groups exhibited increased IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels, but decreased IL-10 levels in the gastrocnemius at week eight. The three OT protocols increased the IL-1beta and IL-6 levels, but only the OTR/down and OTR/up groups had increased TNF-alpha levels in serum at week eight. The serum leptin levels were lower for the OTR group compared with the CT group at week eight. In conclusion, the OTR/down protocol induced transitory hypothalamic inflammation with concomitant reductions in the body weight and food intake. After the 2-week total recovery period, the OTR/down group had reversed the hypothalamic inflammation, with the concomitant normalization of the body weight and food intake.
低体重增加和食物摄入量与过度训练和过度疲劳有关；然而，导致这些改变的分子机制仍然未知。本研究的主要目的是评估下坡、上坡和无坡度跑步过度训练（OT）方案对小鼠下丘脑炎症途径的影响。将啮齿动物随机分为对照组（C）、下坡跑步过度训练组（OTR/down）、上坡跑步过度训练组（OTR/up）和无坡度跑步过度训练组（OTR）。每天记录体重和食物摄入量。使用递增负荷、力竭、转棒和握力测试来测量运动表现。在OT方案结束时（即第8周）进行握力测试后36小时和/或经过2周的完全恢复期（即第10周）后，提取下丘脑和腓肠肌进行免疫印迹分析。此外，使用血清测定细胞因子和瘦素浓度。从第0周到第8周，OTR/down组体重和食物摄入量下降，OTR/up组食物摄入量增加。在第10周，OTR/down组体重增加，而OTR组食物摄入量下降。在第8周，OTR/down组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、pSAPK/JNK和SOCS3水平升高。在第10周，OTR/down、OTR/up和OTR组IL-10水平升高。在第8周，OTR/up组pJAK2水平升高。在第8周，虽然OTR/down组IL-1β水平升高，但OTR/down和OTR/up组腓肠肌中IL-6和TNF-α水平升高，但IL-10水平下降。三种OT方案均使IL-1β和IL-6水平升高，但仅在第8周时OTR/down和OTR/up组血清中TNF-α水平升高。在第8周时，OTR组血清瘦素水平低于CT组。总之，OTR/down方案诱导了短暂的下丘脑炎症，同时体重和食物摄入量减少。经过2周的完全恢复期后，OTR/down组下丘脑炎症得到逆转，同时体重和食物摄入量恢复正常。
