da Rocha Alisson L, Pereira Bruno C, Pauli José R, Cintra Dennys E, de Souza Claudio T, Ropelle Eduardo R, da Silva Adelino S R
Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, RibeirãoPreto Medical School, USP, RibeirãoPreto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Sport Sciences Course, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2015 Oct 7;10(10):e0140020. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140020. eCollection 2015.
The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of overtraining (OT) on insulin, inflammatory and gluconeogenesis signaling pathways in the livers of mice. Rodents were divided into control (CT), overtrained by downhill running (OTR/down), overtrained by uphill running (OTR/up) and overtrained by running without inclination (OTR). Rotarod, incremental load, exhaustive and grip force tests were used to evaluate performance. Thirty-six hours after a grip force test, the livers were extracted for subsequent protein analyses. The phosphorylation of insulin receptor beta (pIRbeta), glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (pGSK3beta) and forkhead box O1 (pFoxo1) increased in OTR/down versus CT. pGSK3beta was higher in OTR/up versus CT, and pFoxo1 was higher in OTR/up and OTR versus CT. Phosphorylation of protein kinase B (pAkt) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (pIRS-1) were higher in OTR/up versus CT and OTR/down. The phosphorylation of IκB kinase alpha and beta (pIKKalpha/beta) was higher in all OT protocols versus CT, and the phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinases/Jun amino-terminal kinases (pSAPK-JNK) was higher in OTR/down versus CT. Protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF-4alpha) were higher in OTR versus CT. In summary, OTR/down improved the major proteins of insulin signaling pathway but up-regulated TRB3, an Akt inhibitor, and its association with Akt.
本研究的目的是验证过度训练（OT）对小鼠肝脏中胰岛素、炎症和糖异生信号通路的影响。将啮齿动物分为对照组（CT）、下坡跑过度训练组（OTR/down）、上坡跑过度训练组（OTR/up）和无坡度跑过度训练组（OTR）。采用转棒试验、递增负荷试验、力竭试验和握力试验来评估运动能力。在握力试验36小时后，提取肝脏用于后续的蛋白质分析。与CT组相比，OTR/down组中胰岛素受体β（pIRbeta）、糖原合酶激酶3β（pGSK3beta）和叉头框O1（pFoxo1）的磷酸化增加。与CT组相比，OTR/up组中pGSK3beta更高，而OTR/up组和OTR组中pFoxo1高于CT组。与CT组和OTR/down组相比，OTR/up组中蛋白激酶B（pAkt）和胰岛素受体底物1（pIRS-1）的磷酸化更高。与CT组相比，所有OT方案组中IκB激酶α和β（pIKKalpha/beta）的磷酸化均更高，而与CT组相比，OTR/down组中应激激活蛋白激酶/ Jun氨基末端激酶（pSAPK-JNK）的磷酸化更高。与CT组相比，OTR组中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α（PGC-1α）和肝细胞核因子4α（HNF-4α）的蛋白水平更高。总之，OTR/down改善了胰岛素信号通路的主要蛋白，但上调了Akt抑制剂TRB3及其与Akt的结合。
