Błaszczyk Janusz W, Opala-Berdzik Agnieszka, Plewa Michał
Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland; Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
Gait Posture. 2016 Jan;43:160-4. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.09.016. Epub 2015 Sep 28.
Spatiotemporal gait cycle characteristics were assessed at early (P1), and late (P2) pregnancy, as well as at 2 months (PP1) and 6 months (PP2) postpartum. A substantial decrease in walking speed was observed throughout the pregnancy, with the slowest speed (1±0.2m/s) being during the third trimester. Walking at slower velocity resulted in complex adaptive adjustments to their spatiotemporal gait pattern, including a shorter step length and an increased duration of both their stance and double-support phases. Duration of the swing phase remained the least susceptible to changes. Habitual walking velocity (1.13±0.2m/s) and the optimal gait pattern were fully recovered 6 months after childbirth. Documented here adaptive changes in the preferred gait pattern seem to result mainly from the altered body anthropometry leading to temporary balance impairments. All the observed changes within stride cycle aimed to improve gait safety by focusing on its dynamic stability. The pregnant women preferred to walk at a slower velocity which allowed them to spend more time in double-support compared with their habitual pattern. Such changes provided pregnant women with a safer and more tentative ambulation that reduced the single-support period and, hence, the possibility of instability. As pregnancy progressed a significant increase in stance width and a decrease in step length was observed. Both factors allow also for gait stability improvement.
在妊娠早期（P1）、晚期（P2）以及产后2个月（PP1）和6个月（PP2）评估时空步态周期特征。在整个孕期观察到步行速度大幅下降，最慢速度（1±0.2米/秒）出现在孕晚期。以较慢速度行走导致其时空步态模式进行复杂的适应性调整，包括步长缩短以及站立期和双支撑期持续时间增加。摆动期持续时间对变化最不敏感。产后6个月习惯性步行速度（1.13±0.2米/秒）和最佳步态模式完全恢复。此处记录的首选步态模式的适应性变化似乎主要源于身体人体测量学改变导致暂时的平衡受损。步幅周期内观察到的所有变化旨在通过关注其动态稳定性来提高步态安全性。与习惯模式相比，孕妇更喜欢以较慢速度行走，这使她们在双支撑期花费更多时间。这些变化为孕妇提供了更安全、更谨慎的行走方式，减少了单支撑期，从而降低了不稳定的可能性。随着妊娠进展，观察到站立宽度显著增加，步长减小。这两个因素也有助于提高步态稳定性。
