Hobfoll S E
Am Psychol. 1989 Mar;44(3):513-24. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.44.3.513.
Major perspectives concerning stress are presented with the goal of clarifying the nature of what has proved to be a heuristic but vague construct. Current conceptualizations of stress are challenged as being too phenomenological and ambiguous, and consequently, not given to direct empirical testing. Indeed, it is argued that researchers have tended to avoid the problem of defining stress, choosing to study stress without reference to a clear framework. A new stress model called the model of conservation of resources is presented as an alternative. This resource-oriented model is based on the supposition that people strive to retain, project, and build resources and that what is threatening to them is the potential or actual loss of these valued resources. Implications of the model of conservation of resources for new research directions are discussed.
本文介绍了关于压力的主要观点，目的是阐明一个已被证明具有启发性但却模糊的概念的本质。当前对压力的概念化受到挑战，因为它们过于现象学且模糊不清，因此无法进行直接的实证检验。事实上，有人认为研究人员倾向于回避定义压力的问题，选择在没有明确框架的情况下研究压力。一种名为资源守恒模型的新压力模型被作为替代方案提出。这个以资源为导向的模型基于这样的假设：人们努力保留、投射和构建资源，而对他们构成威胁的是这些有价值资源的潜在或实际损失。文中还讨论了资源守恒模型对新研究方向的启示。
