Collado Maria Carmen, Santaella Marina, Mira-Pascual Laia, Martínez-Arias Elena, Khodayar-Pardo Parisá, Ros Gaspar, Martínez-Costa Cecilia
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain.
Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo 30071, Murcia, Spain.
Nutrients. 2015 Oct 19;7(10):8577-91. doi: 10.3390/nu7105415.
Breast milk (BM) is considered as a reference for infant nutrition. The role of bioactive components, such as cytokines, hormones, growth factors (GFs) and fatty acids (FAs) is poorly known, but they might be implicated in immune response development. The aim of this study was to identify the lipid profile and the spectrum of cytokines and neuronal GF in BM samples and analyse the influence of gestational age and lactation time on these components. This study used a longitudinal prospective method for the characterization of cytokines, FAs and GFs global profiles in 120 BM samples from 40 healthy mothers (20 preterm and 20 term) collected as colostrum, transitional and mature milk. The cytokines were analysed by protein array (Ray Bio® Human Cytokine Array G6. Ray Biotech, Inc. Norcross, GA, USA) and the FAs were analysed by gas chromatography. The FA profile was similar between the term and the preterm BM samples. Omega-3-α-linoleic and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and omega-6-linoleic acid were the most abundant in the term and preterm samples during lactation. Omega-3 ETA and omega-3 EPA we observed exclusively in the preterm samples. The cytokine profile showed a different trend based on gestational age. A significantly higher expression of neurotrophic factors was found in the mature preterm milk samples as compared to the mature term samples. Our study is the first to identify the influence and interactions of perinatal factors on cytokine, GFs and FAs in human milk.
母乳被视为婴儿营养的参照标准。细胞因子、激素、生长因子和脂肪酸等生物活性成分的作用鲜为人知，但它们可能与免疫反应的发展有关。本研究的目的是确定母乳样本中脂质谱、细胞因子谱和神经元生长因子，并分析胎龄和哺乳时间对这些成分的影响。本研究采用纵向前瞻性方法，对40名健康母亲（20名早产和20名足月产）的120份母乳样本（初乳、过渡乳和成熟乳）中的细胞因子、脂肪酸和生长因子的整体谱进行表征。细胞因子通过蛋白质芯片（Ray Bio® Human Cytokine Array G6. Ray Biotech, Inc. Norcross, GA, USA）进行分析，脂肪酸通过气相色谱法进行分析。足月和早产母乳样本中的脂肪酸谱相似。在哺乳期间，足月和早产样本中含量最丰富的是ω-3-α-亚麻酸、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和ω-6-亚油酸。ω-3-二十碳五烯酸（ETA）和ω-3-二十碳五烯酸（EPA）仅在早产样本中观察到。细胞因子谱根据胎龄呈现出不同的趋势。与足月成熟母乳样本相比，早产成熟母乳样本中神经营养因子的表达明显更高。我们的研究首次确定了围产期因素对人乳中细胞因子、生长因子和脂肪酸的影响及相互作用。
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