Granot Esther, Ishay-Gigi Keren, Malaach Lea, Flidel-Rimon Orna
a Department of Pediatrics and.
c Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University , Jerusalem , Israel.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016 Mar;29(5):832-5. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1020785. Epub 2015 Mar 11.
Arachidonic acid (ARA) (c20:4 w6) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) (c22:6 w3) are of major importance for neural maturation and retinal function in infancy. Requirements in preterm infants are increased due to accelerated growth and limited body stores. Data regarding human milk fatty acid composition after preterm and full-term delivery is inconsistent. This study compared fatty acid composition in breast milk from full-term and preterm infants. Findings were correlated with maternal dietary intake.
Human milk was obtained 4-5 days after full-term delivery (20 infants) and 4-5, 10-11 and 14-15 days after preterm delivery (21 infants, of whom 6 were born before 30 weeks). For fatty acid analysis, lipids were extracted, transesterified and separated by gas liquid chromatography.
Total fat content was similar in the two groups. FA composition including LCPUFA and specifically ARA & DHA were similar in full-term and preterm infants and in the sub-set born before 30 weeks. In preterm infants, postnatal age did not influence LCPUFA content.
This study did not detect any effect of gestational age or postnatal age on milk LCPUFA content. Accordingly, the increased demand for LCPUFA and specifically DHA in preterm infants need to be met by other supplementation.
花生四烯酸（ARA）（c20:4 ω6）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）（c22:6 ω3）对婴儿期神经发育和视网膜功能至关重要。由于生长加速和体内储备有限，早产儿对这些脂肪酸的需求量增加。关于早产和足月分娩后母乳脂肪酸组成的数据并不一致。本研究比较了足月和早产婴儿母乳中的脂肪酸组成，并将结果与母亲的饮食摄入量相关联。
在足月分娩后4 - 5天（20名婴儿）以及早产分娩后4 - 5天、10 - 11天和14 - 15天（21名婴儿，其中6名在30周前出生）采集母乳。进行脂肪酸分析时，提取脂质、进行酯交换反应并通过气相色谱法分离。
两组的总脂肪含量相似。足月和早产婴儿以及30周前出生的婴儿亚组中，包括长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）特别是ARA和DHA在内的脂肪酸组成相似。在早产婴儿中，出生后的年龄并不影响LCPUFA含量。
本研究未发现胎龄或出生后年龄对母乳中LCPUFA含量有任何影响。因此，早产婴儿对LCPUFA特别是DHA的需求增加需要通过其他补充方式来满足。
