Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30 St., 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Human Milk Bank, Ludwik Rydygier Provincial Polyclinical Hospital in Torun, St. Josef 53-59 St., 87-100 Torun, Poland.
Molecules. 2024 Oct 21;29(20):4973. doi: 10.3390/molecules29204973.
Human milk comprehensively meets the nutritional needs of a child, providing not only structural and energy components but also various bioactive factors. Among these, neurotrophic factors and hormones involved in metabolic processes deserve special attention. Studies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays compared the content of neurotrophic factors-CNTF, NT-3, and NGF-and hormones, leptin and insulin, in two groups of breast milk samples: early lactation (1-3 months) and extended lactation (>6 months, up to 12 months). The results indicated changes in leptin and insulin levels as the lactation period extended. NGF, leptin, and insulin were present in milk samples from both study groups, with leptin and insulin levels being higher in the early lactation group. CNTF and NT-3 were not detected in any of the samples from either study group. The analyses confirmed that human milk from women who breastfeed for extended periods remains a source of biologically active components and macronutrients that support a child's development and health.
人乳全面满足婴儿的营养需求，不仅提供结构和能量成分，还提供各种生物活性因子。其中，神经营养因子和参与代谢过程的激素值得特别关注。使用酶联免疫吸附测定法的研究比较了两组母乳样本中的神经营养因子-CNTF、NT-3 和 NGF-以及激素瘦素和胰岛素的含量：早期哺乳期（1-3 个月）和延长哺乳期（>6 个月，长达 12 个月）。结果表明，随着哺乳期的延长，瘦素和胰岛素水平发生变化。神经生长因子、瘦素和胰岛素均存在于两个研究组的奶样中，且早期哺乳期组的瘦素和胰岛素水平更高。CNTF 和 NT-3 在两个研究组的任何样本中均未检测到。分析证实，哺乳期延长的女性的母乳仍然是生物活性成分和支持儿童发育和健康的宏量营养素的来源。
