Lee Ju-Hoon, Bai Jaewoo, Shin Hakdong, Kim Yeran, Park Bookyung, Heu Sunggi, Ryu Sangryeol
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea.
Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015 Oct 23;82(1):192-201. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01827-15. Print 2016 Jan 1.
Cronobacter sakazakii is an important pathogen that causes high mortality in infants. Due to its occasional antibiotic resistance, a bacteriophage approach might be an alternative effective method for the control of this pathogen. To develop a novel biocontrol agent using bacteriophages, the C. sakazakii-infecting phage CR5 was newly isolated and characterized. Interestingly, this phage exhibited efficient and relatively durable host lysis activity. In addition, a specific gene knockout study and subsequent complementation experiment revealed that this phage infected the host strain using the bacterial flagella. The complete genome sequence analysis of phage CR5 showed that its genome contains 223,989 bp of DNA, including 231 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), and it has a G+C content of 50.06%. The annotated ORFs were classified into six functional groups (structure, packaging, host lysis, DNA manipulation, transcription, and additional functions); no gene was found to be related to virulence or toxin or lysogen formation, but >80% of the predicted ORFs are unknown. In addition, a phage proteomic analysis using SDS-PAGE and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) revealed that seven phage structural proteins are indeed present, supporting the ORF predictions. To verify the potential of this phage as a biocontrol agent against C. sakazakii, it was added to infant formula milk contaminated with a C. sakazakii clinical isolate or food isolate, revealing complete growth inhibition of the isolates by the addition of phage CR5 when the multiplicity of infection (MOI) was 10(5).
阪崎肠杆菌是一种在婴儿中导致高死亡率的重要病原体。由于其偶尔出现的抗生素耐药性,噬菌体方法可能是控制这种病原体的一种替代有效方法。为了利用噬菌体开发一种新型生物防治剂,新分离并鉴定了感染阪崎肠杆菌的噬菌体CR5。有趣的是,这种噬菌体表现出高效且相对持久的宿主裂解活性。此外,一项特定基因敲除研究及随后的互补实验表明,这种噬菌体利用细菌鞭毛感染宿主菌株。噬菌体CR5的全基因组序列分析表明,其基因组包含223,989 bp的DNA,包括231个预测的开放阅读框(ORF),G+C含量为50.06%。注释的ORF被分为六个功能组(结构、包装、宿主裂解、DNA操作、转录和其他功能);未发现与毒力、毒素或溶原形成相关的基因,但超过80%的预测ORF是未知的。此外,使用SDS-PAGE和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)进行的噬菌体蛋白质组分析表明,确实存在七种噬菌体结构蛋白,支持了ORF预测。为了验证这种噬菌体作为针对阪崎肠杆菌的生物防治剂的潜力,将其添加到被阪崎肠杆菌临床分离株或食品分离株污染的婴儿配方奶粉中,结果显示当感染复数(MOI)为10(5)时,添加噬菌体CR5可完全抑制分离株的生长。