Leavy Justine E, Crawford Gemma, Leaversuch Francene, Nimmo Lauren, McCausland Kahlia, Jancey Jonine
Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
Health Promotion and Research, The Royal Life Saving Society (Western Australia Inc.), PO Box 28, Floreat Forum, WA, 6014, Australia.
J Community Health. 2016 Apr;41(2):424-41. doi: 10.1007/s10900-015-0105-2.
Globally, drowning is one of the ten leading causes of child mortality. Children aged <5 years are particularly at risk, and children and young people continue to be overrepresented in drowning statistics. Accordingly, evidence informed interventions to prevent children drowning are of global importance. This review aimed to identify, assess and analyse public health interventions to reduce child drowning and investigate the use of behavioural theories and evaluation frameworks to guide child drowning prevention. Thirteen databases were searched for relevant peer reviewed articles. The systematic review was guided by the PRISMA criteria and registered with PROSPERO. Fifteen articles were included in the final review. Studies were delivered in high, middle and low income countries. Intervention designs varied, one-third of studies targeted children under five. Almost half of the studies relied on education and information to reduce drowning deaths, only three studies used a multi-strategy approach. Minimal use of behavioural theories and/or frameworks was found and just one-third of the studies described formative evaluation. This review reveals an over reliance on education and information as a strategy to prevent drowning, despite evidence for comprehensive multi-strategy approaches. Accordingly, interventions must be supported that use a range of strategies, are shaped by theory and planning and evaluation frameworks, and are robust in intervention design, delivery and evaluation methodology. This approach will provide sound evidence that can be disseminated to inform future practice and policy for drowning prevention.
在全球范围内，溺水是导致儿童死亡的十大主要原因之一。5岁以下儿童尤其面临风险，在溺水统计数据中，儿童和青少年的占比持续偏高。因此，基于证据的预防儿童溺水干预措施具有全球重要性。本综述旨在识别、评估和分析减少儿童溺水的公共卫生干预措施，并研究使用行为理论和评估框架来指导儿童溺水预防工作。检索了13个数据库，查找相关的同行评审文章。本系统综述以PRISMA标准为指导，并在PROSPERO上进行了注册。最终综述纳入了15篇文章。研究在高收入、中等收入和低收入国家开展。干预设计各不相同，三分之一的研究针对5岁以下儿童。几乎一半的研究依靠教育和信息来减少溺水死亡，只有三项研究采用了多策略方法。发现对行为理论和/或框架的使用极少，只有三分之一的研究描述了形成性评价。本综述揭示，尽管有证据支持综合多策略方法，但在预防溺水方面过度依赖教育和信息作为一种策略。因此，必须支持采用一系列策略、受理论以及规划和评价框架影响、在干预设计、实施和评价方法方面稳健的干预措施。这种方法将提供可靠的证据，可加以传播以指导未来预防溺水的实践和政策。
