Nyberg Anna, Magnusson Hanson Linda L, Leineweber Constanze, Johansson Gunn
Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2015 Oct 26;10(10):e0140516. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140516. eCollection 2015.
The aim of this prospective study was to explore predictors of objective career success among Swedish women and men, focussing on gender differences. Data were drawn from the 2008 and 2010 waves of the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) with a total of 3670 female and 2773 male participants. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for job promotion and an above-average salary increase between 2008 and 2010 were obtained through binary logistic regression analyses. Individual and organisational factors measured in 2008 were used as predictors in analyses stratified by sex. Mutual adjustment was performed for these variables, as well as for labour market sector and staff category at baseline. In both sexes, younger age predicted both job promotion and an above-average salary increase. Job promotion was also in both sexes predicted by being part of decision-making processes, having conflicts with superiors, and being eager to advance. Furthermore, promotion was predicted by, among men, being educated to post-graduate level and having an open coping strategy and, among women, working >60 hours/week. An above-average salary increase was predicted in both sexes by having a university education. Postgraduate education, having children living at home, and being very motivated to advance predicted an above-average salary increase among women, as did working 51-60 hours/week and being part of decision-making processes in men. Gender differences were seen in several predictors. In conclusion, the results support previous findings of gender differences in predictors of career success. A high level of education, motivation to advance, and procedural justice appear to be more important predictors of career success among women, while open coping was a more important predictor among men.
这项前瞻性研究的目的是探索瑞典女性和男性客观职业成功的预测因素，重点关注性别差异。数据来自2008年和2010年瑞典健康纵向职业调查（SLOSH），共有3670名女性和2773名男性参与者。通过二元逻辑回归分析得出2008年至2010年期间工作晋升和高于平均水平薪资增长的优势比及95%置信区间。2008年测量的个人和组织因素被用作按性别分层分析的预测因素。对这些变量以及基线时的劳动力市场部门和员工类别进行了相互调整。在男女两性中，较年轻的年龄预示着工作晋升和高于平均水平的薪资增长。参与决策过程、与上级发生冲突以及渴望晋升在男女两性中也都预示着工作晋升。此外，在男性中，研究生学历和采用开放应对策略预示着晋升，在女性中，每周工作超过60小时预示着晋升。拥有大学学历在男女两性中都预示着高于平均水平的薪资增长。研究生学历、有孩子在家居住以及非常渴望晋升在女性中预示着高于平均水平的薪资增长，在男性中，每周工作51 - 60小时以及参与决策过程也预示着这一点。在几个预测因素中存在性别差异。总之，结果支持了先前关于职业成功预测因素中存在性别差异的研究发现。高教育水平、晋升动力和程序公平似乎是女性职业成功更重要的预测因素，而开放应对在男性中是更重要的预测因素。
