Qiu Wenping, Feechan Angela, Dry Ian
Center for Grapevine Biotechnology, W. H. Darr School of Agriculture, Missouri State University , Mountain Grove, MO 65711, USA.
School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Hortic Res. 2015 May 20;2:15020. doi: 10.1038/hortres.2015.20. eCollection 2015.
The most economically important disease of cultivated grapevines worldwide is powdery mildew (PM) caused by the ascomycete fungus Erysiphe necator. The majority of grapevine cultivars used for wine, table grape, and dried fruit production are derived from the Eurasian grape species Vitis vinifera because of its superior aroma and flavor characteristics. However, this species has little genetic resistance against E. necator meaning that grape production is highly dependent on the frequent use of fungicides. The integration of effective genetic resistance into cultivated grapevines would lead to significant financial and environmental benefits and represents a major challenge for viticultural industries and researchers worldwide. This review will outline the strategies being used to increase our understanding of the molecular basis of V. vinifera susceptibility to this fungal pathogen. It will summarize our current knowledge of different resistance loci/genes that have evolved in wild grapevine species to restrict PM infection and assess the potential application of these defense genes in the generation of PM-resistant grapevine germplasm. Finally, it addresses future research priorities which will be important in the rapid identification, evaluation, and deployment of new PM resistance genes which are capable of conferring effective and durable resistance in the vineyard.
全世界栽培葡萄最具经济重要性的病害是由子囊菌真菌白粉菌（Erysiphe necator）引起的白粉病（PM）。用于葡萄酒、鲜食葡萄和葡萄干生产的大多数葡萄品种都源自欧亚葡萄种（Vitis vinifera），因为其具有优越的香气和风味特征。然而，该物种对白粉菌几乎没有遗传抗性，这意味着葡萄生产高度依赖于频繁使用杀菌剂。将有效的遗传抗性整合到栽培葡萄中会带来显著的经济和环境效益，这对全球葡萄栽培产业和研究人员来说是一项重大挑战。本综述将概述为增进我们对欧亚葡萄种对白粉菌病原体易感性分子基础的理解而采用的策略。它将总结我们目前对野生葡萄种中为限制白粉病感染而进化出的不同抗性位点/基因的认识，并评估这些防御基因在培育抗白粉病葡萄种质中的潜在应用。最后，它阐述了未来的研究重点，这些重点对于快速鉴定、评估和部署能够在葡萄园赋予有效和持久抗性的新白粉病抗性基因至关重要。
