结直肠癌筛查试验与策略的进展
Developments in Screening Tests and Strategies for Colorectal Cancer.
作者信息
Sovich Justin L, Sartor Zachary, Misra Subhasis
机构信息
School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1400 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1400 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
出版信息
Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:326728. doi: 10.1155/2015/326728. Epub 2015 Oct 4.
BACKGROUND
Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and second most common in women. It is the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality. In the United States, CRC is the third most common cause of cancer and second most common cause of cancer mortality. Incidence and mortality rates have steadily fallen, primarily due to widespread screening.
METHODS
We conducted keyword searches on PubMed in four categories of CRC screening: stool, endoscopic, radiologic, and serum, as well as news searches in Medscape and Google News.
RESULTS
Colonoscopy is the gold standard for CRC screening and the most common method in the United States. Technological improvements continue to be made, including the promising "third-eye retroscope." Fecal occult blood remains widely used, particularly outside the United States. The first at-home screen, a fecal DNA screen, has also recently been approved. Radiological methods are effective but seldom used due to cost and other factors. Serum tests are largely experimental, although at least one is moving closer to market.
CONCLUSIONS
Colonoscopy is likely to remain the most popular screening modality for the immediate future, although its shortcomings will continue to spur innovation in a variety of modalities.
背景
在全球范围内，结直肠癌（CRC）是男性中第三大常见癌症，女性中第二大常见癌症。它是癌症死亡的第四大常见原因。在美国，结直肠癌是癌症的第三大常见原因和癌症死亡的第二大常见原因。发病率和死亡率一直在稳步下降，主要归功于广泛的筛查。
方法
我们在PubMed上对结直肠癌筛查的四类进行了关键词搜索：粪便、内镜、放射学和血清，以及在Medscape和谷歌新闻上进行新闻搜索。
结果
结肠镜检查是结直肠癌筛查的金标准，也是美国最常用的方法。技术改进仍在不断进行，包括前景广阔的“第三眼逆行内镜”。粪便潜血检测仍被广泛使用，尤其是在美国以外的地区。首个居家筛查方法，即粪便DNA筛查，最近也已获批。放射学方法有效，但由于成本和其他因素很少使用。血清检测大多处于实验阶段，尽管至少有一种检测正朝着上市迈进。
结论
结肠镜检查在不久的将来可能仍将是最受欢迎的筛查方式，尽管其缺点将继续推动各种方式的创新。
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