Masuda Takaaki, Hayashi Naoki, Kuroda Yosuke, Ito Shuhei, Eguchi Hidetoshi, Mimori Koshi
Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan.
Cancers (Basel). 2017 Sep 13;9(9):124. doi: 10.3390/cancers9090124.
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small RNAs that repress mRNA translation, resulting in the degradation of mRNAs and regulation of the expression levels of various genes. Recent studies have shown that aberrant miR expression has a functional role in the initiation and progression of various malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC), which is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. miRs have also been shown to have applications as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers because of their high tissue specificity, stability, and altered expression in tumor development. In this report, we examined the role of miRs as biomarkers in CRC through a review of meta-analyses and large-scale analyses having strong statistical confidence in the study outcomes. We also discuss current issues in the clinical application of these miRs.
微小RNA（miR）是一类小RNA，可抑制mRNA翻译，导致mRNA降解并调节各种基因的表达水平。最近的研究表明，miR表达异常在包括结直肠癌（CRC）在内的各种恶性肿瘤的发生和发展中发挥功能性作用，结直肠癌是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。由于miR具有高组织特异性、稳定性以及在肿瘤发生过程中表达改变，它们还被证明可作为诊断、预后和预测生物标志物。在本报告中，我们通过回顾对研究结果具有高度统计学可信度的荟萃分析和大规模分析，研究了miR作为CRC生物标志物的作用。我们还讨论了这些miR在临床应用中的当前问题。
