Hou Quancan, Ufer Guido, Bartels Dorothea
University of Bonn IMBIO Bonn Germany, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115, Germany.
Plant Cell Environ. 2016 May;39(5):1029-48. doi: 10.1111/pce.12666. Epub 2016 Feb 12.
Lipids are one of the major components of biological membranes including the plasma membrane, which is the interface between the cell and the environment. It has become clear that membrane lipids also serve as substrates for the generation of numerous signalling lipids such as phosphatidic acid, phosphoinositides, sphingolipids, lysophospholipids, oxylipins, N-acylethanolamines, free fatty acids and others. The enzymatic production and metabolism of these signalling molecules are tightly regulated and can rapidly be activated upon abiotic stress signals. Abiotic stress like water deficit and temperature stress triggers lipid-dependent signalling cascades, which control the expression of gene clusters and activate plant adaptation processes. Signalling lipids are able to recruit protein targets transiently to the membrane and thus affect conformation and activity of intracellular proteins and metabolites. In plants, knowledge is still scarce of lipid signalling targets and their physiological consequences. This review focuses on the generation of signalling lipids and their involvement in response to abiotic stress. We describe lipid-binding proteins in the context of changing environmental conditions and compare different approaches to determine lipid-protein interactions, crucial for deciphering the signalling cascades.
脂质是生物膜的主要成分之一，包括质膜，质膜是细胞与环境之间的界面。现在已经清楚，膜脂也是众多信号脂质生成的底物，如磷脂酸、磷酸肌醇、鞘脂、溶血磷脂、氧化脂质、N-酰基乙醇胺、游离脂肪酸等。这些信号分子的酶促产生和代谢受到严格调控，并且在非生物胁迫信号作用下能够迅速被激活。缺水和温度胁迫等非生物胁迫会触发脂质依赖性信号级联反应，这些反应控制基因簇的表达并激活植物适应过程。信号脂质能够将蛋白质靶点短暂招募到膜上，从而影响细胞内蛋白质和代谢物的构象和活性。在植物中，关于脂质信号靶点及其生理后果的知识仍然匮乏。本综述聚焦于信号脂质的产生及其在应对非生物胁迫中的作用。我们在不断变化的环境条件背景下描述脂质结合蛋白，并比较确定脂质-蛋白质相互作用的不同方法，这对于解读信号级联反应至关重要。
