Salemi Marco, Rife Brittany
Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Curr HIV Res. 2016;14(2):110-20. doi: 10.2174/1570162x13666151029102413.
The ability of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to persist in anatomic compartments and cellular reservoirs is a major obstacle for eradication of replicationcompetent virus in the infected host.
We extensively review recent advancements in phylogenetic and phylogeographic techniques that provide a unique opportunity for studies of intra-host HIV-1 compartmentalization and the detection of potential reservoirs.
We show that infected macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS) harbor viral subpopulations that play a key role in the emergence of escape variants and viral rebound following discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. An HIV cure, therefore, cannot be achieved without the effective targeting of the virus in the CNS, for which in depth knowledge of viral population dynamics contributing to the development and maintenance of latent reservoirs is critical.
1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）在解剖学隔室和细胞储存库中持续存在的能力是在受感染宿主中根除具有复制能力病毒的主要障碍。
我们广泛回顾了系统发育和系统地理学技术的最新进展，这些技术为研究宿主内HIV-1的区室化和潜在储存库的检测提供了独特的机会。
我们表明，中枢神经系统（CNS）中受感染的巨噬细胞含有病毒亚群，这些亚群在抗逆转录病毒治疗中断后逃逸变异体的出现和病毒反弹中起关键作用。因此，如果不能有效靶向中枢神经系统中的病毒，就无法实现HIV治愈，而深入了解促成潜伏储存库形成和维持的病毒群体动态对于此至关重要。
