Walker Peter J, Klement Eyal
CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
Vet Res. 2015 Oct 28;46:124. doi: 10.1186/s13567-015-0262-4.
Bovine ephemeral fever (or 3-day sickness) is an acute febrile illness of cattle and water buffaloes. Caused by an arthropod-borne rhabdovirus, bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), the disease occurs seasonally over a vast expanse of the globe encompassing much of Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Australia. Although mortality rates are typically low, infection prevalence and morbidity rates during outbreaks are often very high, causing serious economic impacts through loss of milk production, poor cattle condition at sale and loss of traction power at harvest. There are also significant impacts on trade to regions in which the disease does not occur, including the Americas and most of Europe. In recent years, unusually severe outbreaks of bovine ephemeral fever have been reported from several regions in Asia and the Middle East, with mortality rates through disease or culling in excess of 10-20%. There are also concerns that, like other vector-borne diseases of livestock, the geographic distribution of bovine ephemeral fever could expand into regions that have historically been free of the disease. Here, we review current knowledge of the virus, including its molecular and antigenic structure, and the epidemiology of the disease across its entire geographic range. We also discuss the effectiveness of vaccination and other strategies to prevent or control infection.
牛流行热（或三日热）是牛和水牛的一种急性发热性疾病。由节肢动物传播的弹状病毒——牛流行热病毒（BEFV）引起，该疾病在全球广大地区季节性发生，包括非洲大部分地区、中东、亚洲和澳大利亚。虽然死亡率通常较低，但疫情爆发期间的感染率和发病率往往非常高，通过牛奶产量损失、出售时牛的状况不佳以及收获时牵引动力丧失造成严重的经济影响。对未发生该疾病的地区（包括美洲和欧洲大部分地区）的贸易也有重大影响。近年来，亚洲和中东的几个地区报告了异常严重的牛流行热疫情，因病或扑杀导致的死亡率超过10%-20%。人们还担心，与其他家畜的媒介传播疾病一样，牛流行热的地理分布可能会扩大到历史上未发生过该疾病的地区。在此，我们综述了关于该病毒的现有知识，包括其分子和抗原结构，以及该疾病在其整个地理范围内的流行病学。我们还讨论了疫苗接种和其他预防或控制感染策略的有效性。
